The Viking Age: Ireland and the West Papers from the Proceedings of the Fifteenth Viking Congress, Cork, 18—27 August 2005 John Sheehan & Donnchadh O Corrain EDITORS Shannon Lewis-Simpson EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Contents LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IX NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS xvi THE FIFTEENTH VIKING CONGRESS XXI MEMBERS & ASSOCIATES xxii CONGRESS DIARY XXV 1 Conversion and the Church in Viking-Age Ireland i Lesley Abrams 2 Runic inscriptions and Viking-Age Ireland 11 Michael Barnes & Jan Ragnar Hagland 3 The Dunmore Cave [2] hoard and the role of coins in the tenth-century Hiberno-Scandinavian economy 19 Kristin Bornholdt Collins 4 Ragnarok and the stones of York 47 Paul C. Buckland 5 Unsung heroes: the Irish and the Viking wars 60 Howard B. Clarke 6 Peaceful wars and scientific invaders: Irishmen, Vikings and palynological evidence for the earliest settlement of the Faroe Islands 66 Kevin J. Edwards & Douglas B, Borthwick 7 Laithlinn, 'Fair Foreigners' and 'Dark Foreigners': the identity and provenance of Vikings in ninth-century Ireland 80 Colmdn Etchingham 8 Place-names as evidence for urban settlements in Britain in the Viking Period 89 Gillian Fellows-Jensen 9 Ribe: continuity or discontinuity from the eighth to the twelfth century? 97 Claus Feveile 10 Norwegian crosses in the Hebrides and Shetland? 107 Ian Fisher vi Contents 11 Late Viking-Age runestones in Uppland: some gender aspects 113 Anne-Sofie Grdslund 12 Weapons and warfare in Viking-Age Ireland 124 Andrew Halpin 13 The Suffolk Street sword: further notes on the College Green cemetery, Dublin 136 Stephen H. Harrison 14 Who were the Papar? Typological structures in Islendingabok 145 Pernille Hermann 15 Viking elements in Irish towns: Cork and Waterford 154 Maurice F. Hurley 16 The warrior ideal in the Late Viking Age 165 Judith Jesch 17 The Vikings in Connemara 174 Eamonn Kelly 18 Dotted runes: where did they come from? 188 James E. Knirk 19 Kirk wall revisited 199 Raymond Lamb 20 Viking-Age and Norse pottery in the Hebrides 204 Alan M. Lane 21 Viking-Age queens and the formation of identity 217 Shannon Lewis-Simpson 22 The ledung and the continuity of warfare from the Viking Age to the Middle Ages: the example of Sweden 227 Thomas Lindkvist 23 The baptism of Harald Bluetooth 234 Niels Lund 24 King Magnus Bareleg's adventures in the West: the making of a King's Saga 240 Else Mundal 25 Urbanism and Christianity in Norway 248 Scebjerg Walaker Nordeide 26 Rebuilding the 'city of angels': Muirchertach Ua Briain and Glendalough, ^.1096-1111 258 Tontds O Carragdin Contents vii 27 Culture clashes? The human remains from the Wood Quay excavations 271 Ban a O'Donnabhain 28 Surtshellir: a fortified outlaw cave in West Iceland 283 Gudmundur Olafsson, Kevin P. Smith Q> Thomas McGovern 29 Women in early towns 298 Ingvild 0ye 30 Bridging the distribution gap: inscribed swords from Denmark 309 Anne Pedersen 31 Ninth-century Viking entries in the Irish annals: no 'forty years' rest' 322 Enter Purcell 32 The metal detector and the Viking Age in England 338 Julian D. Richards & John Nay lor 33 From Scandinavia to Spain: a Viking-Age reliquary in Leon and its meaning 353 Else Roesdahl 34 The sagas and courtly love 361 Daniel Sdvborg 35 Life and death among the Picts and Vikings at Westness 369 BeritJ. Sellevold 36 Colonel Sempronius Stretton and the reprovenancing of a Viking-Age hoard 380 John Sheehan 37 Weapons and warfare in Icelandic place-names 390 Svavar Sigmundsson 38 The Finglas burial: archaeology and ethnicity in Viking-Age Dublin 402 Maeve Sikora 39 The first phase ofViking activity in Ireland: archaeological evidence from Dublin 418 Linzi Simpson 40 Close ties and long-range relations: the emporia network in early Viking-Age exchange 430 Seren M. Sindbak 41 Ailikn's wagon and Odinn's warriors: the pictures on the Gotlandic Ardre monuments 441 Porgunnur Snadal viii Contents 42 Ulfberht revisited: a classification 450 Anne Stalsberg 43 Toftanes and the early Christianity of the Faroe Islands 465 Stejfen Stummann Hansen 44 Cosmic aspects of sanctuaries in Viking-Age Scandinavia with comparisons to the West-Slavic area 474 Olof Sundqvist 45 The making of a centre: the case of Reykholt, Iceland 483 Gudriin Sveinbjarnardottir 46 Ethnicity and class in settlement-period Iceland 494 Orri Vesteinsson 47 Hedeby, the settlement and the harbour: old data and recent research 511 Claus von Carnap-Bornheim, Volker Hilberg, Sven Kalmring & Joachim Schultze 48 Plot-use and access in an eleventh-century Dublin building level 525 Patrick F. Wallace 49 On eid-names in Orkney and other North Atlantic islands 545 Doreen Waugh 50 Textiles that work for their living: a late eleventh-century cloth from Cork, Ireland 555 Elizabeth Wincott Heckett INDEX 565.