This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 08/31/2021 and available online at Billing Code 4333-15 federalregister.gov/d/2021-18098, and on govinfo.gov DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service 50 CFR Part 17 [Docket No. FWS–HQ–ES–2019–0014; 4500030113] RIN 1018–BD03 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Threatened Status with Section 4(d) Rule for the Dolphin and Union Caribou and 12-month Finding for the Peary Caribou AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION: Proposed rule; 12-month finding. SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, announce a 12-month finding on a petition to list the Peary caribou (Rangifer tarandus pearyi) (a caribou subspecies) and the Dolphin and Union caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus × peary) as endangered or threatened subspecies under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act). Both Peary caribou and Dolphin and Union caribou are native only to Canada. After a review of the best available scientific and commercial information, we find that it is not warranted at this time to add the Peary caribou to the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife. We find that listing the Dolphin and Union caribou as a Distinct Population Segment (DPS) of the barren-ground caribou subspecies (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) is warranted. Accordingly, we propose to list this DPS with a rule issued under section 4(d) of the Act (“4(d) rule”). To ensure that subsequent rulemaking resulting from this proposed rule is as accurate and effective as possible, we are soliciting information from the public, other governmental agencies, the Government of Canada and its provincial governments, the scientific community, industry, and any other interested parties. DATES: We will accept comments received or postmarked on or before [INSERT DATE 60 DAYS AFTER DATE OF PUBLICATION IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER ]. Comments submitted electronically using the Federal eRulemaking Portal (see ADDRESSES, below) must be received by 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on the closing date. We must receive requests for public hearings, in writing, at the address shown in FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT by [INSERT DATE 45 DAYS AFTER DATE OF PUBLICATION IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER]. ADDRESSES: You may submit comments by one of the following methods: (1) Electronically: Go to the Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov. In the Search box, enter the docket number or RIN for this rulemaking (presented above in the document headings). For best results, do not copy and paste either number; instead, type the docket number or RIN into the Search box using hyphens. Then, click on the Search button. On the resulting page, in the panel on the left side of the screen, under the Document Type heading, check the Proposed Rule box to locate this document. You may submit a comment by clicking on “Comment.” (2) By hard copy: Submit by U.S. mail to: Public Comments Processing, Attn: FWS– HQ–ES–2019–0014; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; MS: JAO/3W; 5275 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041–3803. We request that you send comments only by the methods described above. We will post all comments on http://www.regulations.gov. This generally means that we will post any personal information you provide us (see Public Comments, below, for more information). FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Elizabeth Maclin, Branch of Delisting and Foreign Species, Ecological Services Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 5275 Leesburg Pike, MS: ES, Falls Church, VA 22041; telephone 703–358–2646. If you use a telecommunications device for the deaf, call the Federal Relay Service at 800–877–8339. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Executive Summary Why we need to publish a rule. Under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (“Act,” 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), if we determine that a species warrants listing as an endangered or threatened species, we are required to promptly publish a proposal in the Federal Register and make a determination on our proposal within 1 year. What this document does. We find that listing the Peary caribou subspecies is not warranted, and we propose to list the Dolphin and Union caribou DPS as a threatened species with a rule under section 4(d) of the Act. The basis for our action. Under the Act, we may determine that a species is an endangered or threatened species because of any of five factors, alone or in combination: (A) The present or threatened destruction, modification, or curtailment of its habitat or range; (B) overutilization for commercial, recreational, scientific, or educational purposes; (C) disease or predation; (D) the inadequacy of existing regulatory mechanisms; or (E) other natural or manmade factors affecting its continued existence. We have determined that the Peary caribou is not in danger of extinction or likely to become so in the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range. We have determined that the Dolphin and Union caribou DPS is likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future throughout all of its range, meeting the definition of a threatened species. Both caribou subspecies exist in harsh environments to which they have adapted over millennia. These harsh environmental conditions combined with the fact that they live on islands from which they make seasonal migrations across sea ice in order to find adequate nutrition combine to exert pressure on both the Peary caribou subspecies and Dolphin and Union caribou DPS. The major threats that impacted both the Peary caribou and Dolphin and Union caribou are the cumulative effects of climate change and other changes brought about by climate change. While these two subspecies face similar threats, the magnitude of threats they face is different between the two subspecies, including with respect to the following threats: Long-term decline in sea ice; Increase in icing events on land; Hunting; Outbreaks of parasites or disease; Disturbance due to development, oil and gas exploration, and shipping; and Increases in shipping traffic. The Peary caribou is found farther to the north of the Canadian Arctic while the Dolphin and Union caribou is located to the south. Certain activities, such as shipping and oil and gas exploration, are more concentrated in the southern portion of the Canadian Arctic, thus affecting the Dolphin and Union caribou more strongly than the Peary caribou. Furthermore, models of sea-ice loss projected that the decline in sea ice in the lower Canadian Arctic will occur earlier and faster than the high Arctic. The differences in degree of threats result in the population trends for these two subspecies moving in opposite directions. Although the Peary caribou has experienced wide fluctuation in its population, the subspecies has experienced an increase of about 150 percent within the past two decades (COSEWIC 2015, pp. 42–43). In contrast, after reaching a high in 1997, the Dolphin and Union caribou population has steadily declined. We are also proposing a section 4(d) rule. When we list a species as threatened, section 4(d) of the Act (16 U.S.C. 1533(d)) allows us to issue regulations that are necessary and advisable to provide for the conservation of the species. Accordingly, we are proposing a 4(d) rule for the Dolphin and Union caribou that would, among other things, prohibit import, export, interstate or foreign commerce in the course of commercial activity, sale or offer for sale, or to attempt to engage in any such conduct. Exceptions are provided for import of personal sport- hunted trophies legally hunted in and exported from Canada. We may issue permits to carry out otherwise prohibited activities, including those described above, involving threatened wildlife under certain circumstances, such as for scientific purposes, or the enhancement of propagation or survival of the subspecies in the wild. Peer review. In accordance with our joint policy on peer review published in the Federal Register on July 1, 1994 (59 FR 34270), and our August 22, 2016, memorandum updating and clarifying the role of peer review of listing actions under the Act, we solicited the expert opinion of five appropriate and independent specialists for peer review of the Species Status Assessment that provides the biological basis for this proposed listing determination. The purpose of peer review is to ensure that our listing determinations are based on scientifically sound data, assumptions, and analyses. Their comments and suggestions can be found at https://www.fws.gov/endangered/improving_ESA/peer_review_process.html. Because we will consider all comments and information received during the comment period, our final determination may differ from this proposal. After considering comments and information we receive, we may conclude that the species is endangered instead of threatened, or we may conclude that the species does not warrant listing as either an endangered species or a threatened species. Such final decisions would be a logical outgrowth of this proposal, as long as we: (1) base the decisions on the best scientific and commercial data available after considering all of the relevant factors; (2) do not rely on factors Congress has not intended us to consider; and (3) articulate a rational connection between the facts found and the conclusions made, including why we changed our conclusion. Information Requested We intend that any final action resulting from this proposed rule will be based on the best scientific and commercial data available and be as accurate