ISSN: 2151-1950 (Print), 2151-1969 (Online) Vol. 2 ,No. 2 , April 2010 Journal of Geographic Information System Editor in Chief: Prof. Xincai Wu www.scirp.org/journal/jgis ISSN: 2151-1950 (Print) ISSN: 2151-1969 (Online) Hhttp://www.scirp.org/journal/jgis Editor in Chief Prof. Xincai Wu China University of Geosciences, China Editorial Advisory Board Prof. Xianlin Liu Chinese Academy of Surveying & Mapping, China Prof. Fuling Bian Wuhan University, China Prof. Qingxi Tong Peking University, China Prof. Yu Fang Peking University, China Prof. Chenghu Zhou Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, China Prof. Lan Zeng Peking University, China Editorial Board Dr. Bin Wu National Library of China, China Prof. Yong Liu China University of Geosciences, China Prof. Lun Wu Peking University, China Prof. Zhong Xie China University of Geosciences, China Prof. Anrong Dang Tsinghua University, China Prof. Manchun Li Nanjing University, China Prof. Guoan Tang Nanjing Normal University, China Prof. Xiaohua Tong Tongji University, China Prof. Fang Wu PLA University of Information & Engineering, China Prof. Xinchang Zhang SUN YAT-SEN UNIVERSITY, China Prof. Jingnong Weng Beijing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, China Prof. Guangdao Hu China University of Geosciences, China Prof. Yaolin Liu Wuhan University, China Prof. Shunping Zhou China University of Geosciences, China Prof. Xiuguo Liu China University of Geosciences, China Prof. Wen Zeng China University of Geosciences, China Prof. Jianjun Lv China University of Geosciences, China Prof. Zhenming He Yangtze University, China Dr. Liangfeng Zhu East China Normal University, China Dr. Tingyan Xing China University of Geosciences, China Prof. Zhengwei He Chengdu University of Technology, China Prof. Youjian Hu China University of Geosciences, China Prof. Zhongwen Luo China University of Geosciences, China Journal of Geographic Information System(JGIS) is a comprehensive international journal published by Research Center for GIS Software and Application Engineering, Ministry of Education, Zondy Cyber and SRP(Scientific Research publishing). Journal of Geographic Information System, 2010, 2, 55-128 Published Online April 2010 in SciRes (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/ijcns/) TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume 2 Number 2 April 2010 Semi-Automatic Objects Recognition in Urban areas Based on Fuzzy Logic F. Prandi, R. Brumana, F. Fassi……………………………………………………………………………………………………55 Urban Vulnerabilities in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: Visualizations of Human/Hazard Interactions K. Bhattarai, D. Conway……………………………………………………………………………………………………………63 Orthorectification and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Generation Using Cartosat-1 Satellite Stereo Pair in Himalayan Terrain V. K. Singh, P. K. C. Ray, A. P. T. Jeyaseelan……………………………………………………………………………………85 Remote Sensing and GIS as an Advance Space Technologies for Rare Vegetation Monitoring in Gobustan State National Park, Azerbaijan Y. M. Gambarova, A. Y. Gambarov, R. B. Rustamov, M. H. Zeynalova…………………………………………………………93 Design and Key Technology of Gardening Information Management System Based on Data Center X. G. Wang, W. H. Lin, W. Zeng………………………………………………………………………………………………100 Design of Data Model for Urban Transport GIS W. Zeng, X. J. Chang, J. J. Lv……………………………………………………………………………………………………106 Double Polarization SAR Image Classification Based on Object-Oriented Technology X. G. Liu, Y. S. Li, W. Gao, L. Xiao……………………………………………………………………………………………113 Study on Provincial Land Use Database Remittance Standard Establishment W. F. Liao, S. W. Xu……………………………………………………………………………………………………………120 Research on Data Sharing between AutoCAD and MapGIS in Cadastral Database Construction J. J. Liu, Y. Cai…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………124 Copyright © 2010 SciRes. 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If expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. PRODUCTION INFORMATION For manuscripts that have been accepted for publication, please contact: E-mail: [email protected] Journal of Geographic Information System, 2010, 2, 55-62 doi:10.4236/jgis.2010.22011 Published Online April 2010 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/jgis) Semi-Automatic Objects Recognition in Urban Areas Based on Fuzzy Logic Federico Prandi, Raffaella Brumana, Francesco Fassi Department of B.E.S.T., Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci, Milan, Italy E-mail: {federico.prandi, raffaella.brumana, francesco.fassi}@polimi.it Abstract Three dimensional object extraction and recognition (OER) from geographic data has been definitely one of more important topic in photogrammetry for quite a long time. Today, the capability of rapid generating high-density DSM increases the supply of geographic information but the discrete nature of the measuring makes more difficult to recognize correctly and to extract 3D objects from these surface. The proposed methodology wants to semi-automate some geographic objects clustering operations, in order to perform the recognition process. The clustering is a subjective process; the same set of data items often needs to be parti- tioned differently based on the application. Fuzzy logic gives the possibility to use in a mathematical process the uncertain information typical of human reasoning. The concept at the base of our proposal is to use the information contained in Image Matching or LiDAR DSM, and typically understood by the human operator, in a fuzzy recognition process able to combine the different input in order to perform the classification. So the object recognition approach proposed in our workflow integrates 3D structural descriptive components of objects, extracted from DSM, into a fuzzy reasoning process in order to exploit more fully all available in- formation, which can contribute to the extraction and recognition process and, to handling the object’s vagueness. The recognition algorithm has been tested with to different data set and different objectives. An important issue is to apply the typical human process which allows to recognize objects in a range image in a fuzzy reasoning process. The investigations presented here have given a first demonstration of the capability of this approach. Keywords: Objects Recognition, DSM, Fuzzy Logic 1. Introduction eration of the recognition of 3D topographic objects for 3D GIS. The purpose is to use the 3D information con- 1.1. Motivations tained in the DSM in order to automatic detect and recog- nize topographic objects in complex scenes. Furthermore, it is tried to use only LiDAR or Image Matching DSM. Due Estimating the research fields involved in the 3D topog- to this limitation our goal becomes even more challenging. raphic objects generation for 3D GIS are very huge. Experience and daily practice allow us to have our brain 3D GIS require 3D representations of objects and 3D object reconstruction of real world is a relatively new automatically interpreting what we see. Human recogni- issue in photogrammetry. tion takes advantage of a variety of acquired information Progress in the field of digital image matching for rather than relying on, say, a single descriptor of the ob- DSM generation and growth of airborne laser scanning jects. Further, human perception possesses a tremendous technologies have improved the derivation of digital sur- potential for learning and deals perfectly with the fuzzi- face models. ness of the real world. In the case of objects in geographic The basic idea of this work is to use the 3D informa- data an interpretation by human operator may be easier tion contained in these DSM in order to aid the 3D iden- but, if these processes are replaced by a computer, it is tification and extraction of features. Using the DSM we more than