RAPPORT L.NR. 7410-2019 Environmental Contaminants in an Urban Fjord, 2018 Foto: Anders Ruus Anders Foto: Norwegian Institute for Water Research REPORT Main Office NIVA Region South NIVA Region East NIVA Region West NIVA Denmark Gaustadalléen 21 Jon Lilletuns vei 3 Sandvikaveien 59 Thormøhlensgate 53 D Njalsgade 76, 4th floor NO-0349 Oslo, Norway NO-4879 Grimstad, Norway NO-2312 Ottestad, Norway NO-5006 Bergen Norway DK 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark Phone (47) 22 18 51 00 Phone (47) 22 18 51 00 Phone (47) 22 18 51 00 Phone (47) 22 18 51 00 Phone (45) 39 17 97 33 Internet: www.niva.no Title Serial number Date Environmental Contaminants in an Urban Fjord, 2018 7410-2019 06.09.2019. Author(s) Topic group Distribution Anders Ruus, Kine Bæk, Thomas Rundberget, Ian Allan, Bjørnar Beylich, Environmental Open Martin Schlabach (NILU), Nicholas Warner (NILU), Katrine Borgå, Morten monitoring Helberg (UiO) Geographical area Pages Oslo, Norway 99+Appendix Client(s) Client's reference The Norwegian Environmental Agency Bård Nordbø Client's publication: Printed NIVA Miljødirektoratet report M-1441|2019 Project number 17146 Summary This programme, “Environmental Contaminants in an Urban Fjord” has covered sampling and analyses of sediment and organisms in a marine food web of the Inner Oslofjord, in addition to samples of blood and eggs from herring gull and eider duck. The programme also included inputs of pollutants via surface water (storm water), and effluent water and sludge from a sewage treatment plant. The bioaccumulation potential of the contaminants in the Oslo fjord food web was evaluated. The exposure to/accumulation of the contaminants was also assessed in birds. A vast number of chemical parameters have been quantified, in addition to some biological effect parameters in cod, and the report serves as valuable documentation of the concentrations of these chemicals in different compartments of the Inner Oslofjord marine ecosystem. Four keywords Fire emneord 1. Contaminants 1. Miljøgifter 2. Uban areas 2. Urbane områder 3. Food web 3. Næringskjede 4. Bioaccumulation 4. Bioakkumulering This report is quality assured in accordance with NIVA's quality system and approved by: Anders Ruus Marianne Olsen Project Manager Research Manager ISBN 978-82-577- 7145-4 NIVA-report ISSN 1894-7948 © Norsk institutt for vannforskning/Norwegian Institute for Water Research. The publication can be cited freely if the source is stated. Environmental Contaminants in an Urban Fjord, 2018 NIVA 7410-2019 Preface The programme covers sampling and analyses of organisms in a marine food web of the Inner Oslofjord in 2018 in addition to samples of blood and eggs of herring gull. Furthermore, additional samples of blood and eggs of eider duck from the Inner Oslofjord were analysed for selected contaminants in 2018. The programme also includes inputs of pollutants via surface water (storm water), and sewage treatment plant discharges. This monitoring programme adds to results from other monitoring programmes such as "Contaminants in coastal waters" (MILKYS) and "the Norwegian river monitoring programme". These programmes are referred to, when relevant. 2018 represents the sixth year of the Urban Fjord programme. Some changes/improvements were made in the design from 2014 to 2015 and from 2016 to 2017. The study was carried out by NIVA, with a majority of the chemical analyses performed by the Norwegian Institute for Air Research, NILU. Collection of herring gulls and eider duck was conducted by the University of Oslo (Morten Helberg, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis). Besides the authors of this report, several persons are acknowledged for their contribution in sample collection, sample preparation, data treatment and analysis: Ingar Johansen, Gunhild Borgersen, Alfhild Kringstad, Camilla With Fagerli, Tânia Gomes, Marthe Torunn Solhaug Jenssen, Pawel Rostowski, Mikael Harju, Hilde Uggerud, Marit Vadset, Inger-Christin Steen, Carsten Lome, Dag Hjermann, Nina Cathrine Knudtzon and Helene Skjeie Thorstensen. The report has been quality assured by Marianne Olsen. Oslo, June 2019 Anders Ruus Senior Research Scientist, Adj. Prof. NIVA 7410-2019 Table of contents 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Objectives .............................................................................................................................. 9 2 Material and Methods .......................................................................................................... 10 2.1 Sample Collection ................................................................................................................ 10 Sediment............................................................................................................... 10 Food web of the Inner Oslofjord .......................................................................... 10 Herring gull ........................................................................................................... 11 Eider duck ............................................................................................................. 11 Storm water .......................................................................................................... 11 Sewage treatment plant ....................................................................................... 11 2.2 Chemical analysis, support parameters and biological effect parameters.......................... 16 Background, target compounds ........................................................................... 20 Analysis of metals ................................................................................................. 21 Analysis of PCBs, brominated flame retardants and S/MCCP .............................. 22 Analysis of PFAS .................................................................................................... 22 Analysis of alkylphenols and bisphenols .............................................................. 23 Analysis of UV-chemicals ...................................................................................... 24 Analysis of siloxanes ............................................................................................. 24 Analysis of PFR ...................................................................................................... 26 Analysis of antioxidant MB1 ................................................................................. 27 Analysis of M3T(Ph) .............................................................................................. 27 Analysis of Dechlorane plus and related compounds .......................................... 28 Support parameters ............................................................................................. 28 Biological effect parameters (cod) ....................................................................... 29 2.3 Data treatment .................................................................................................................... 29 3 Results and Discussion .......................................................................................................... 31 3.1 Stable isotopes ..................................................................................................................... 31 3.2 Environmental contaminants .............................................................................................. 35 Sediment............................................................................................................... 37 Inner Oslofjord Food Web .................................................................................... 40 Cod ........................................................................................................................ 51 Herring gull ........................................................................................................... 56 Eider duck ............................................................................................................. 68 Storm water .......................................................................................................... 72 Sewage treatment plant (STP) .............................................................................. 79 3.3 Interspecies and matrix comparisons .................................................................................. 85 3.4 Support parameters ............................................................................................................. 89 3.5 Biological effect parameters ................................................................................................ 89 4 Concluding remarks .............................................................................................................. 94 5 References ........................................................................................................................... 96 4 NIVA 7410-2019 Summary This programme, “Environmental Contaminants in an Urban Fjord” has covered sampling and analyses of sediment and organisms in a marine food web of the Inner Oslofjord in 2018, in addition to samples of blood and eggs from herring gull. Furthermore, optional samples of blood and eggs of eider duck from the Inner Oslofjord were analysed for selected contaminants in 2018. The programme also includes inputs of pollutants via surface water (storm water), and sewage treatment