2013/10/01 15:28:18 Tomohiro Yoshida·Hiroyuki Motomura· Prachya Musikasinthorn·Keiichi Matsuura 表紙.indd 1 i Fishes of northern Gulf of Thailand ii iii Edited by Tomohiro Yoshida, Hiroyuki Motomura, Prachya Musikasinthorn and Keiichi Matsuura Photographed by Mizuki Matsunuma and Tomohiro Yoshida iv Copy Right © 2013 by the National Museum of Nature and Science, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, and Kagoshima University Museum All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means with- out prior written permission from the publisher. Copyrights of the specimen photographs are held by the Kagoshima University Museum. For bibliographic purposes this book should be cited as follow: Yoshida, T., H. Motomura, P. Musikasinthorn and K. Matsuura (eds.). 2013 (Sept.). Fishes of northern Gulf of Thai- land. National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, and Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima. viii + 239 pages. ISBN 978-4-905464-03-7 Cover designed by Masatoshi Meguro Corresponding editor: Hiroyuki Motomura (e-mail: [email protected]) v Preface The Gulf of Thailand although relatively shallow with an average depth of 50 m, con- sists of a vast expanse of the Southeast Asian seas with approximately 350,000 km2. During the last ice age in the Pleistocene, about 12,000 years ago, sea levels have been estimated as being about 100–150 m lower than at present, and the current Gulf of Thailand was then a part of Sundaland. This suggests that fishes currently occurring in the Gulf of Thailand have only relatively recently settled themselves in the Gulf from outside Sundaland. This have also led ichthyologists to hypothesize that no endemic and no unique fishes are dis- tributed in the Gulf of Thailand. Hence, no comprehensive ichthyofaunal survey on the basis of voucher specimens in the Gulf has ever been carried out. This shallow sea is important for Thailand’s fisheries industry, with huge amounts of fishes caught from the Gulf on a daily basis. In terms of the Gulf’s fisheries sustainability, it is important to know and record the fish diversity in order to protect the marine ecosys- tem and conserve the fisheries resources. During the International Training Program of the Japan Society for Promotion of Science, Tokyo (ITP of JSPS), two graduate students of Kagoshima University, Mr. Mizuki Matsunuma and Mr. Tomohiro Yoshida, and myself were provided with the opportunity to survey marine and estuarine fishes along the coast of northern Gulf of Thailand at the Kasetsart University for a total period of more than six months. As a first step in understanding the fish diversity in the Gulf, this book provides color photographs of 372 commercial fish species belonging to 109 families collected from the Gulf of Thailand. Descriptions of morphology, coloration, size, and distribution are given for each species account. Editors and authors of this book hope that local fishermen, ma- rine biologists, administrative officials, and lay people would find this book useful in help- ing to identify fishes up to species level. Field surveys were mainly supported by ITP of JSPS. Collection building of specimens from the Gulf of Thailand was financially supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Re- search (B, 24370041 and C, 23580259) from JSPS, a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B, 19770067) from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Tokyo, JSPS Asian Core Program –Establishment of Research and Education Network on Coastal Ma- rine Science in Southeast Asia, and the Coastal Area Capability Enhancement in Southeast Asia Project of the Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto. Funds to publish this book were provided through grants from the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, the Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, and the Kagoshima Uni- versity Museum, Kagoshima. Hiroyuki Motomura The Kagoshima University Museum Japan vi Editors Authors (alphabetical order) Tomohiro Yoshida – The United Graduate School of Hisashi Imamura – Laboratory of Marine Biology and Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Biodiversity (Systematic Ichthyology), Faculty of Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan (e-mail: k5299534@ Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato- kadai.jp) cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan (e-mail: [email protected]) Hiroyuki Motomura – The Kagoshima University Museum, 1-21-30 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan Satoshi Ishikawa – Research Institute for Humanity and (e-mail: [email protected]) Nature, 457-4 Kamigamo-motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan (e-mail: oounagi@chikyu. ac. jp) Prachya Musikasinthorn – Research Laboratory of Ichthyology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Seishi Kimura – Fisheries Research Laboratory, Mie Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand (e-mail: ffispcm@ University, 4190-172 Wagu, Shima, Mie 517-0703, Japan ku.ac.th) (e-mail: [email protected]) Keiichi Matsuura – Department of Zoology, National B. Mabel Manjaji-Matsumoto – Borneo Marine Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Research Institute, University Malaysia Sabah, Locked Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan (e-mail: [email protected]) Bag 2073, 88999 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia (e-mail: [email protected]) Mizuki Matsunuma – The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan (e-mail: [email protected]) Keiichi Matsuura – See editors’ details Hiroyuki Motomura – See editors’ details Prachya Musikasinthorn – See editors’ details Ukkrit Satapoomin – Phuket Marine Biological Center, P O. Box 60, Phuket 83000, Thailand (e-mail: ukkrit@yahoo. com) Koichi Shibukawa – Nagao Natural Environment Foundation, 3-10-10 Shitaya, Taito-ku, Tokyo 110-0004, Japan (e-mail: [email protected]) Siti Tafzilmeriam bt. Sheikh Abdul Kadir – South China Sea Reference Center and Repository, Institute of Oceanography and Environment, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia (e-mail: [email protected]) Tomohiro Yoshida – See editors’ details Yusri Yusuf – Institute of Oceanography, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia ([email protected]); current address – Molecular Ecology Lab, Australian Rivers Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia vii Tomohiro Yoshida PhD student, the United Graduate School of Hiroyuki Motomura Professor, the Kagoshima Univer- Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Japan sity Museum, Japan Prachya Musikasinthorn Associate Professor, Faculty of Fisheries, Keiichi Matsuura Curator Emeritus, Department of Kasetsart University, Thailand Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Japan viii Contents Introduction.............................................................1 Echeneidae............................................................113 Hemiscyllidae...........................................................8 Carangidae...........................................................114 Scyliorhinidae..........................................................9 Menidae................................................................123 Carcharhinidae......................................................10 Leiognathidae.......................................................124 Sphyrnidae.............................................................11 Lutjanidae............................................................130 Narcinidae..............................................................12 Caesionidae..........................................................135 Rhynchobatidae.....................................................13 Lobotidae..............................................................137 Dasyatidae..............................................................14 Gerreidae..............................................................138 Elopidae..................................................................17 Haemulidae..........................................................141 Megalopidae...........................................................18 Nemipteridae........................................................143 Muraenidae............................................................19 Lethrinidae...........................................................148 Ophichthidae..........................................................23 Sparidae................................................................150 Muraenesocidae.....................................................25 Polynemidae.........................................................151 Congridae...............................................................26 Sciaenidae.............................................................153 Nettastomatidae.....................................................27 Mullidae................................................................157 Pristigasteridae......................................................28 Pempheridae........................................................160 Engraulidae............................................................30 Toxotidae..............................................................161 Chirocentridae.......................................................35 Kyphosidae...........................................................162 Clupeidae................................................................36