July 2019 Chalk…from the Hessel School House, Talkhome of The Avery Arts & Nature Learning Center Volume 3, Issue 1 Michigan State Historic Preservation Office Nominates Hessel School House to the National Register of Historic Places he National Register of Historic for the explorers of the 1600s, including area’s first postmaster, and the settlement Places (NRHP) is the official list of Jesuit missionaries and coureurs de bois, bears their name.” the nation’s historic places worthy who used the islands’ narrow channels for “Schoolhouses in those earlier years Tof preservation. Authorized by the National shelter as they entered Lake Huron.” were built as temporary structures. They Historic Preservation Act of 1966, the “The Treaties of Washington in 1836 were one-room, rugged log buildings that National Park Service’s NRHP is part of a and 1855 gave the Native Americans tended to spring up on donated land as national program to coordinate and support individual ownership of land by the parcel. needed, according to the dictates of an public and private efforts to identify, The applications for land were handled by unsettled, growing, and shifting population. evaluate, and protect America’s historic local Native American agents, then filed in In a community dominated by logging and archeological resources. Detroit, and finally sent to Washington for interests, the diminutive schoolhouses This recognition affords huge meaning federal patents to be issued. For unknown for the Les Cheneaux Area and Eastern reasons, this process was delayed in the Upper Peninsula, but it also serves to Eastern Upper Peninsula, so the remaining further strengthen the deep-seated pride public lands were not generally available that the alums of the school and their for homestead and settlement until after families, who represent the early settlers 1881. Complicating the process were fur and indigenous Chippewa tribe, hold trading interests on Mackinac Island that for this remarkable building and the had acquired Les Cheneaux shoreline educational experience it offered. It is properties during the period between the a shame that the architect, G. Harold two treaties. Thus, Les Cheneaux land was Thompson, and those closely involved in some of the last real estate available for its construction would never know what a private acquisition, which helps explain the timeless gift they created. area’s abbreviated pioneer period.” An impressive eleven letters of support “The Eastern Upper Peninsula was were written by local, regional, and state densely wooded, with cedar and pine along representatives, including Michigan its waters, and maple and oak on the higher Speaker of the House, Lee Chatfield; as ground. In the 1850s, lumbering became well as a formal resolution passed by the the major industry, with farming following Clark Township Board of Trustees on May as lands were cleared. Fishing was another 20th. important industry. The Hessel area and its well-sheltered harbor on Lake Huron Following are excerpts* from the 50- served as the first hub of Les Cheneaux page proposal to convey the uniqueness area, as the nearest port east of Mackinac of it all. Island, providing a well-equipped general “Les Cheneaux Islands form a 36-island store and lodging accommodations.” archipelago, with channels, shallow bays, “It wasn’t until the early to mid-1880s and rock studded peninsulas. Created by that the first homesteaders settled here, the glaciers, they are part of the Niagara representing Italian, English, Scottish, Escarpment, and share the same limestone Irish, Welch, and Scandinavian heritage. geology as Mackinac Island and Canada’s Among them were Charles and John Manitoulin Island. The area is home to the Hessel (Swedish heritage). Charles filed indigenous Chippewa tribe. It is steeped a homestead entry in August of 1888, and Photo from the Jillian Collins/Davin Salo in history as it served as the pathway a month later John became Les Cheneaux wedding album. 1 Continued from previous page... Thompson were the principal speakers. The special election was held on January 20, 1937 to vote for $50,000 for the remodeling of the two new schools, Hessel and Cedarville, which passed 112 to 27. The announcement of the federal grant of $14,388 for the construction of the Hessel school came on April 2, 1937, and the project got underway the same month.” “Dirt roads were common in the area at that time. Only one bus served the students at the Hessel School House, covering an area up to ten square miles, depending on the season. There was no mid-day bus for kindergartners. Since they stayed the full day with the other grades, they used the auditorium for nap period. Often children in the outlying areas would board in town during the winter, because of impassible roads. Students living in town walked to school via simple trails through the trees. The first major paved highway in the area From “Looking Back” in The St Ignace News June 20, 2019 issue. See map on page 7 to find Mr. Mitchell’s house, five doors east of the School House and two doors west of the Presbyterian Church. tended to relocate regularly to serve the for the two projects, and the government populations of the winter lumber camps.” financing the balance of the cost.” “Examples of these include The Maple “The architect hired by the WPA for Leaf School on Simmons Road, northwest the Hessel School House project was G. of Hessel; and The Kennedy School, just Harold Thompson of Mullett Lake, near above Rock View Road, four miles north; Cheboygan. The project had been approved then, built in 1887, a rough, slab wood, by the WPA on November 18, 1936. At 18- by 24-ft. schoolhouse in Hessel at the that time, the school was estimated to cost Mill Pond, less than a quarter-mile west $19,593 and employ at least twenty-five of the existing Hessel School House. Miss men on the project. He and his foreman, Angeline Newton was the first teacher. She Richard Wilbur (also of Mullet Lake), was hired by the federal government and were also commissioned by the WPA to was quite active in community and church renovate the Mackinac County Courthouse affairs. She later married John Hessel.” in St. Ignace. The pair worked together in “The first ‘established’ schoolhouse in 1937 to design three of the four schools in Les Cheneaux area was built a few years Mackinac County that were commissioned later, immediately behind the present one. by the WPA: the Hessel School House in It was wood-framed with a bell cupola and Hessel, as well as the Cedarville School in Cedarville, and Gros Cap Elementary The HSH Board of Directors was heated by a wood burning stove; Mrs. wants to once again thank Hessel (formerly Miss Angeline Newton) School in Gros Cap (located immediately The continued as the teacher. It remained west of St. Ignace). According to the Sheffield Family and the Republican News and St. Ignace Enterprise in place during the construction of the Avery/Broughton Families and new schoolhouse in 1937, and then was in 1937, the proposed plan for each Michael Van Lokeren for the demolished.” school was to be ‘of Colonial design.’ Oddly enough, the Cedarville and Gros roles they played in facilitating “At the time the Hessel School House Cap schools reflect the art deco style of this historic endeavor. And a was built, it was one of more than 140 architecture, with only the Hessel School special thank-you to architect schools that were constructed by the House designed in the colonial revival Jeff Day, for his expertise Works Progress Administration (WPA) style.” in historic architecture, and in Michigan, at a total cost of 42 million dollars. The combined cost of the Hessel “There was a special meeting of the Debra Johnson of SHPO* and Cedarville school projects was taxpayers of Clark township in December for her invaluable efforts in $80,000, with Clark Township floating 1936. School Board attorney Edward G. research and documentation to a bond issue that appropriated $45,000 McNamara of St. Ignace and G. Harold ensure the nomination. 2 was M-134, which was constructed in 1963 and passed through the woods of cedar, Hessel’s first schoolhouse, built in 1887 at the Mill Pond. spruce, and birch, just north of the school.” “During the Great Depression, the Hessel School’s hot lunch program provided many students with the only hot meal they would have during the day, as many local families struggled to feed their children during that time.” “According to interviews with former students and teachers, the Hessel School provided a unique space for people from diverse social and ethnic backgrounds to connect and learn together, since the mission of the school was strictly to provide education for area youth, and the small context created a familial type of setting.” “While English was the only language of instruction, students were not admonished for speaking other languages. Anishinaabemowin, the language of the Great Lakes tribes for millennia, was spoken by the Chippewa/Ojibwe, Odawa, and Potawatomi tribes, and by their children at school. As a result, many of the non-Native students learned some words and phrases from their peers. Former Native American students still here today speak of their years at the Hessel School as their happiest and most rewarding ones.” “When students graduated from fifth grade, they transferred to the Cedarville School three miles away to attend sixth through twelfth grades. In the case of the Native American students, many were transferred to Holy Childhood, the Indian boarding school in Harbor Springs, Michigan. They were forbidden to speak their native language and to wear their native dress, which former students have said had deeply affected them.” “In 1958, an expansion of the Cedarville School was completed, and all grades were permanently consolidated to Cedarville, resulting in the closing of the Hessel School.” “Les Cheneaux Community, along with the other unique communities of the Eastern Upper Peninsula of Michigan, are united in supporting the future of the Hessel School House.