A New Species and a New Speci®c Synonym of Pedicularis (Scrophulariaceae) from the Hengduan Mountains, China Yang Fu-Sheng, Hong De-Yuan, and Wang Xiao-Quan Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China. [email protected] ABSTRACT. Pedicularis in¯exirostris F. S. Yang, D. In the summers of 2000 and 2001 we conducted Y. Hong & X. Q. Wang, a new species from the an extensive ®eld investigation on Pedicularis in Hengduan Mountains, China, is described. Pedi- the Hengduan Mountains and collected a large cularis in¯exirostris is different from P. tatarinowii amount of Pedicularis specimens. Based on exam- Maximowicz in having more slender stems, fewer ination and identi®cation of the specimens, we branches, a cucullate middle lobe of the lower co- found a new species and nominated it as Pedicu- rolla lip, and glabrous ®laments. Pedicularis deqi- laris in¯exirostris F. S. Yang, D. Y. Hong & X. Q. nensis H. P. Yang is reduced to a synonym of P. Wang on the basis of the in¯exed beak. According ramosissima Bonati on the basis of their common to Li's system, the new species should be placed in characters of long and dense branches, recurved the group Cyclophyllum sect. Orthosiphonia ser. calyx teeth, pilose indumentum on the inner margin Myriophyllae Maximowicz, while in Tsoong's sys- of the calyx, and cucullate middle lobe of the lower tem, it belongs to the grex Orthosiphonia Tsoong corolla lip. ser. Myriophyllae Maximowicz. The series Myrio- Key words: China, Hengduan Mountains, Ped- phyllae was founded by Maximowicz (1878) and re- icularis, Scrophulariaceae. de®ned by Maximowicz (1888), Prain (1890), and Limpricht (1924). Li (1948) narrowed the circum- Pedicularis L., consisting of about 500 species, scription of this series, removing Pedicularis curv- is the largest genus in the Scrophulariaceae. The ituba Maximowicz and P. anas Maximowicz with genus, con®ned to the Northern Hemisphere, is a curved and de¯exed corolla tubes to form a new member of the arctic-alpine ¯ora with the majority series, series Curvitubae Li. Therefore, the series of species occurring in meadows. Recorded in Chi- Myriophyllae in Li's system includes four species, na are about 352 species, of which 214 are con- P. myriophylla Pallas, P. alaschanica Maximowicz, centrated in the Hengduan Mountains (western P. tatarinowii, and P. provoti Franchet, character- Sichuan, eastern Tibet, and western Yunnan), ized by a de¯exed beak and more or less straight where most Pedicularis are endemic (Hong, 1983; corolla tube. Tsoong (1963) broadened the circum- Yang et al., 1998). scription of the series Myriophyllae, adding a new Due to the large number of species, high diver- species Pedicularis pseudocurvituba Tsoong, and sity of ¯owers, and extensive parallel evolution of transferring here P. scolopax Maximowicz and P. ¯oral characters in Pedicularis, it is dif®cult to re- cristatella Pennell & Li from other series. Thus the construct a natural intrageneric classi®cation sys- series Myriophyllae, according to Tsoong (1963), in- tem. Quite a few in¯uential but controversial sys- cludes seven species having a de¯exed to straight tems have been proposed (Steven, 1823; Bunge, and horizontal beak. Shown in the following key are 1841; Maximowicz, 1888; Bonati, 1910; Limpricht, the circumscription of the series and the distinct- 1924; Li, 1948, 1949; Tsoong, 1955, 1963), but Li's ness of our new species. (1948, 1949) and Tsoong's (1955, 1963) systems KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SERIES MYRIOPHYLLAE are the most outstanding. Li's system includes 3 groups, 22 sections, 79 series, and 282 species, 1a. Beak of corolla less than 1 mm long; lateral calyx lobes entire .................P. myriophylla while Tsoong's includes 13 groups, 21 subgroups, 1b. Beak of corolla 2±5 mm long; lateral calyx lobes 112 series, and 329 species (Tsoong, 1963). De- serrate, pinnati®d, or entire. spite so many classi®cation systems proposed, tax- 2a. Beak of corolla 3±5 mm long; galea crested onomic research on Pedicularis in the eastern Him- ....................... P. cristatella 2b. Beak of corolla 2±3 mm long; galea not alayas, the modern diversity center of Pedicularis, crested. is insuf®cient compared to the abundant Pedicu- 3a. Corolla purple-red; beak of corolla laris species in the region. strongly in¯exed. NOVON 13: 363±367. 2003. 364 Novon 4a. Middle lobe of lower lip cucullate; Pedicularis in¯exirostris resembles P. tatarinowii ®laments all glabrous ..P. in¯exirostris (ser. Myriophyllae) in having pinnatisect laminae, a 4b. Middle lobe of lower lip elongated, not cucullate; ®laments all pubes- straight corolla tube, and recurved beak, but differs cent ............. P. tatarinowii from the latter in having more slender stems, fewer 3b. Corolla yellow; beak of corolla slightly branches at the middle part, and thinner helmet curved. (Table 1). The cucullate middle lobe of the lower 5a. Bracts all or at least proximal ones longer than ¯owers; ®laments all lip and glabrous ®laments are diagnostic characters glabrous or only 2 glabrous. of the new species, by which it is readily distin- 6a. Corolla 2±2.5 cm long; anterior guished from P. tatarinowii. The lower lip of P. in- ®laments villous, posterior ones glabrous ........P. alaschanica ¯exirostris is also similar to that of the species in 6b. Corolla ca. 1.5 cm long; ®la- series Longicaules Prain (P. dielsiana Bonati, P. ments all glabrous ... P. scolopax longicaulis Franchet) in shape, but the pinnatisect 5b. Bracts all shorter than ¯owers; ®l- laminae, racemose in¯orescences, and in¯exed aments all pubescent. 7a. Basal leaves persistent; stems beak of the corolla show that P. in¯exirostris is re- herbaceous, unbranched above; lated to the grex Cyclocladus ser. Myriophyllae calyx at least ½ cleft at anterior Maximowicz. ........... P. pseudocurvituba Habitat and distribution. Pedicularis in¯exiros- 7b. Basal leaves caducous; stems 6 woody, short-branched tris is found in Garze County in western Sichuan, throughout; calyx barely Ä and Jomda and Qamdo Counties in eastern Tibet, cleft at anterior .... P. curvituba at altitudes of 3700±3900 m, in meadows on dry slopes. Pedicularis in¯exirostris F. S. Yang, D. Y. Hong & X. Q. Wang, sp. nov. TYPE: China. Tibet: Paratypes. CHINA. Tibet: Qamdo County, Mt. Kajila, Jomda County, Mt. Wangna, dry slope meadow, dry slope meadows, ca. 3700 m, 7 Aug. 2001, F. S. Yang ca. 3700 m, 13 Aug. 2001, F. S. Yang Y0180 Y0150 (PE). Sichuan: Garze County, Mt. Zhuodala, dry (holotype, designated here, PE). Figure 1. slope meadows, ca. 3900 m, 2 Aug. 2001, F. S. Yang Y0131 (PE). Species P. tatarinowii af®nis, a qua caulibus tenuiori- bus medio 1±2.5 mm diametro, ramis paucioribus usque Pedicularis ramosissima was described by Bonati ad 4, galeae parte erecta graciliore 1.5 mm diametro, labio (1908). Li (1948) placed it in the group Cyclophyl- infero minore 8±9 mm lato, lobo medio cucullato, ®la- mentis omnibus glabris differt. lum sect. Orthosiphonia ser. Pectinatae Prain, while Tsoong (1963) treated it in the grex Cyclocladus Annuals, 20±45 cm tall, 6 black when dry. subgrex Cyclocladus ser. Graciles Maximowicz. The Rootstocks vertical, woody, 4±8 cm long. Stems sol- series Pectinatae was founded by Prain (1890) and itary or sometimes caespitose, 1±2.5 mm diam. at revised by Limpricht (1924). Li (1948) narrowed the middle part, erect, with 4 lines of hairs, and 0 the circumscription of the series to include ®ve spe- to 4 branches at middle and upper parts of stems. cies, Pedicularis scolopax, P. moupinensis Franchet, Basal leaves opposite, middle and upper leaves in P. tantalorhyncha Franchet, P. atuntsiensis Bonati, whorls of 4, long crisp pilose along petioles and and P. ramosissima, characterized by dilated and nerves; petioles 1±2 cm long; laminae oblong-lan- serrated bracts at the upper part of in¯orescences, ceolate, 15±30 3 8±15 mm, pinnatisect; dentate and more or less straight and horizontal beak. segments 10- to 13-paired, linear-lanceolate. In¯o- Tsoong (1963) rede®ned the series Pectinatae Prain rescences to 15 cm long, interrupted at lower part; lower bracts similar to upper leaves in shape, top to include only one new species, Pedicularis rhyn- bracts dilated at the base, ovate. Calyx tube 5±7 chotricha Tsoong, with a twisted and pilose beak to mm long, membranous, with 10 thick veins and 5 distinguish it from the species in the series Pectin- triangular to lanceolate teeth, gray-tomentose. Co- atae Prain of previous systems, transferring P. ra- rolla 13±15 mm long, pale purple, tube straight, as mosissima to the series Graciles. Thus the series long as or slightly longer than the calyx; erect part Graciles, according to Tsoong's system (1963), in- of the galea 4±5 mm long, 1.4±1.5 mm wide, hor- cludes two species, Pedicularis ramosissima and P. izontal part of the galea strongly dilated to 4 mm gracilis Wallich, characterized by excessive wide; beak bent downward and backward, ca. 2 mm branches at the upper part of stems and ¯owers long; lower lip 6 3 8±9 mm, middle lobe cucullate, with an elongated beak. The circumscription of the ½ as wide as lateral lips. Filaments glabrous. Cap- series and the distinctness of the two species are sules lanceolate. shown in the following key. Volume 13, Number 3 Yang et al. 365 2003 Pedicularis from China Figure 1. A±F. Pedicularis in¯exirostris F. S. Yang, D. Y. Hong & X. Q. Wang. (Based on the collection F. S. Yang Y0150, PE.) ÐA, B. Habit. ÐC. Flower. ÐD. Lower lip. ÐE. Calyx. ÐF. Corolla and stamens. G, H. Pedicularis tatarinowii. (Redrawn from ®gure 48 in Tsoong, 1963.) ÐG. Flower. ÐH. Corolla and stamens.