History • Austro-Hungary and 20th Century • Raymond Saner, 2008 © CSEND, May 2007. all rights reserved Contributors to the 20th Century from Austro-Hungary • Artists-Architects • Gustva Klimt (1862-1918 Oskar Kokoschka (1886-1980) Alfred Loos (1870-1933) Egon Schiele (1890-1918) Otto Wagner (1841-1918) • Composers Alban Berg (1885-1945) Gustav Mahler (1860-1911) Arnold Schönberg (1874-1951) Anton Webern ( 1883-1945) © CSEND, May 2007. all rights reserved Contributors to the 20th Century from Austro-Hungary • Film Makers • Fritz Lang (1890-1976) Otto Preminger (1906-1986) Josef von Sternberg (1894-1969) Erich von Stroheim (1885-1957) Billy Wilder (1906-2002) • Economists Carl Menger (1940-1921) Ludwig von Mises (1881-1973) Friedrich Hayek (1899-1992) Josef Schumpeter (1883-1950) © CSEND, May 2007. all rights reserved Contributors to the 20th Century from Austro-Hungary • Philosophers • Martin Buber (1873-1965) Christian von Ehrenfels (1859-1932) Edmund Husserl (1859-1938) Karl Popper (1902-1994) Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) • Physicists Hans Hahn (1879-1934) Ernst Mach (1838-1916) Wolfgang Pauli (1900-1958) © CSEND, May 2007. all rights reserved Contributors to the 20th Century from Austro-Hungary • Psychologists-Psychiatrists • Alfred Adler (1870-1937) Josef Breuer (1842-1925) Viktor Frankl (1905-1997) Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Wilhelm Reich (1897-1957) Bruno Bettelheim (1903-1990) Otto Rank (1884-1939) Jakob Moreno(1889-1974) Heinz Kohut (1913-1981) Melanie Klein (1882-1960) Theodor Reik (1888-1969) © CSEND, May 2007. all rights reserved Contributors to the 20th Century from Austro-Hungary • Writers • Hermann Bahr (1863-1934) Max Brod (1884-1968) Elias Canetti (1905-1994) Hugo von Hoffmansthal (1874-1929) Franz Kafka (1883-1924) Robert Musil (1880-1942) Rainer Maria Rilke (1875-1926) Joseph Roth (1894-1939) Arthur Schmitzler (1862-1931) Georg Trakl (1887-1914) Franz Werfel (1890-1945) Stefan Zweig (1881-1942) Karl Kraus (1874-1936) • © CSEND, May 2007. all rights reserved Contributors to the 20th Century from Austro-Hungary • Other Notables • Theodor Herzl ((1860-1904) Max Reinhardt (1876-1943) Rudolf Laban (1879-1953) Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925) Paul Watzlawick (1921-2007) Konrad Lorenz (1903-1989) • © CSEND, May 2007. all rights reserved Austrian-born Management Thinkers • Peter Drucker 1909-2005 • Fred Fiedler 1922- • Paul Watzlawick 1921- 2007 • Fritjof Capra 1939- • Luwig von Bertalanffy 1901-1972 © CSEND, May 2007. all rights reserved Expressionism: Schiele Self portrait with arm twisting, 1910 • © CSEND, May 2007. all rights reserved Impressionism: Oskar Kokoschka Murderer, hope of women, 1910 • © CSEND, May 2007. all rights reserved The Sunday Circle and Café Central © CSEND, May 2007. all rights reserved Part III: Fore-Background Interactions • Mass movement of people, deaths due to war, stranded people, orphans, « new citizens », physical-psychological amputations, deconstruction of social, cultural, political fabric, »experiments but no support =not sustainable », raise of blame game, hatred, racism, radicalism, decomposition © CSEND, May 2007. all rights reserved Europe Pre-WWI © CSEND, May 2007. all rights reserved WWI: 4 years, 3 months and 14 days • Casualties in WW1 • Germany 1,800,000 Soviet Union 1,700,000 France 1,385,000 Austria 1,200,000 Great Britain 947,000 Japan 800,000 Romania 750,000 Serbia 708,000 Italy 460,000 Turkey 325,000 Belgium 267,000 Greece 230,000 USA 137,000 Portugal 100,000 Canada 69,000 Bulgaria 88,000 Montenegro 50,000 TOTAL 11,016,000 © CSEND, May 2007. all rights reserved Europe Post-WWI © CSEND, May 2007. all rights reserved Begin and end of Austro-Hungary • 1278 – Emperor Rudolf of Habsburg defeats King Ottkar on the Marchfeld, gains Vienna and makes it his capital • 1918 • End of First World War and collapse of Habsburg Monarchy. • End more than 600 years of Habsburg rule © CSEND, May 2007. all rights reserved.