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University Microfilms International 30 0 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, M ichigan 48 10 6 USA St John's Road, Tyler's Green High Wycombe, Bucks. England HP10 8HR 793 ?1 / nCfcUYli iMt>tL AFnLn<LKf>rtr A \ iNIFCjRATtn fkTi PRuCKAM F P* PkPiPttlltfF T tB C-'lRi Jf <U T I m I H t J«lVfcRi«L Prti1«KY rjlfLAMJ* H »Ik>F(vIA. TltF M tiU jT 4 T l jN IV L P jIIY . t* H „ 0 . ■ 1 * 7o Univereitv Micrdrilrrts International 300^ /im ini/m anmaiihi»< mi 4010* TOWARDS AH INTEGRATED ARTS PROGRAM FOR PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS OP ART IN THE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION IN NIGERIA DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Samuel Afolorunsho Olawuyi, B.A,(Hons), M.A., PostGrad Cert. * -X- * * The Ohio State University 1978 Reading Committee Approved By Dr. Arthur Efland Dr. Nancy MacGregor Dr. Paul Klohr Denartment of Art Education ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This sirudy is the product of efforts of numerous individuals who hare, given me assistance, guidance, counsel, cooperation, and encouragement throughout the conduct of this study# I would, therefore, like to express my sincere appreciation and gratitude for the services rendered by the persons who have helped to bring this research endeavor to fruition* Appreciation is hereby registered for the help and advice from the entire members of my reading committee* Special appreciation is extended to Dr. Nancy MacGregor of the Department of Art Education, for giving me supportive guidance, generous assistance, valuable suggestions, and constant encouragements. Her succint comments have really helped me greatly to give shape and structure to the many ideas incorporated in this study during the formative stages. Special thanks are due to Dr* Paul H. Klohr of the College of Education for his helpful comments, scholarly advice and for his faith in my ability to complete the study. I appreciate how he generously shared his wealth of know­ ledge, experience and expertise. Special gratitude and deep appreciation must be extended to Dr. Arthur D. Efland, chairman of the reading committee. I am grateful to him not only for his invalu­ able criticism and correction of the present study but also for his generous guidance, wise counseling, bright ideas, imaginative intellectual stimulation, and kindness during my graduate studies at the Ohio State University. As my major academic adviser, he has been the dominant contributor to my intellectual and professional develop­ ment throughout my graduate career. Prom his professional competence and maturity I have learned that academic leadership and maturity can only be achieved through disciplined intellectual activity. Vithout his efforts I doubt if this study would have reached its culmination. To the number of other friends and colleagues who have helped to provide some necessary materials for this study, and given me generous support and encouragement, I am most indebted and deeply grateful. Further apprecia^- tion is extended to the following authorities consulted during the development of this study for their several assistance: Dr. Stanley S. Madeja, Vice President, CEMREL, Incorpora­ tion, St. Louis, Missouri for sending very useful materials and suggestions; 2. Dr. Evan J, Kern, Dean of Art, Kutztown State College, Pennsylvania for giving useful materials and helpful information; iii 3. Dr. Roger Scott, Division of Resource Services, SWRL Educational Research and Development, Los Alamitos, California for sending me useful materials for the study. 4. Dr. Edward Pomeroy, Executive Secretary, American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education, Washington D.C. for providing materials on multicultural teacher education. I wish to acknowledge my appreciation and deep gratitude to the Federal Ministry of Education, Scholar­ ship Division, Lagos, Nigeria for giving me the financial support to undertake doctoral studies at the Ohio State University. Thanks should also he extended to the authori­ ties of the School of Education, Kwara State College of Technology, Ilorin, Nigeria for giving me a study leave to pursue the graduate program. Finally, no acknowledgment of appreciation would be complete without grateful mention of the manifold contri­ bution of my wife, Alice to the completion of this study. Her constant encouragement and moral support during the development and writing of this study are much appreciated. Many thanks to her for her excellent job done in typing this dissertation. I am profoundly grateful to my wife and children for their cooperation, and tolerance of the numerous adjustments they had to make during my study leave. I appreciate the way they constantly demonstrated their total commitment through their countless sacrifices, iv ana their abiding patience. The abundance of their love, understanding and thoughtfulness have been a continual source of strength that led me to the completion of this study. It is gratifying and noteworthy to mention that I have enjoyed a high degree of friendship and collegiality among several people- Dr. Kenneth Marantz, chairman of the Department of Art Education, the circle of graduate students, and other staff members with whom I had to work in the university. All these provided the conducive atmosphere for intellectual development. v VITA July 4, 1939 Bora - Aran-Orin, Nigeria 1964 .... B.A. (Hons), Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria 1965 Post-Graduate Teachers uertificate, (with distinction), Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria 1965 - 1966 Lecturer - Advanced Teachers College, Kano, Nigeria 1966 - 1967 M.A. Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, U.S.A. 1967 - 1974 Lecturer and Head of Pine Art Dept. Advanced Teachers College, Institute of Education, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria 1973 - 1974 Vice Principal, Advanced Teachers College, Kano 1974 - 1976 Senior Lecturer and Head of Pine Arts Department, School of Education, Kwara State College of Technology, Ilorin, Nigeria FIELDS OP STUDY Major Field: Art Education Studies in Curriculum and Foundation. Professors Paul Klohr, James K. Duncan and Charles Galloway Studies in Teacher Education. Professor Donald Cruickshahk Studies in Educational Development & Evaluation, Professors John Kennedy, Donald Sanders and Howard Merriman Studies in Hisxory of Art. Professor Anthony Helnikas Studies in African Art and Archaeology. Professor E.O.Odita Studies in Radio and Television in Education- Elizabeth Young VI TABLE OP CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................... ii VITA ................................................... vi LIST OP T A B L E S ........................................ ix LIST OP F I G U R E S ....................................... x Chapter I. BACKGROUND THE PROBLEM ................... 2 The Setting 2 Introduction ............................... 5 Statement of the P r o b l e m .................. 9 Importance of the P r o b l e m ............... 11 Basic Assumptions . ............... 14- Purpose of the Study ............ 15 Scope and Limitation of the Study ....... 16 Sources and Procedure of Study ........... 19 Definition of Terms • • . ................ 20 Organization of the Study ................ 22 II. THE ARTS AND EDUCATION IN TRADITIONAL AND CONTEMPORARY NIGERIAN CULTURE ................ 26 Traditional Functions of Arts and Crafts 26 The Religious Concept ...................... 32 Training of Traditional Artists ........... 34 The Impact of Western Influences on the Art and Culture of Nigeria ............ 36 Present Status of Art Teaching in Nigeria 41 The Arts and Contemporary Nigerian Culture 47 The Impact of Education and Modernization on