ORGANIZATION OF LIBERATION OF GARABAGH "GARABAGH YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW" PROCEEDINGS OF SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL CONFERENCE 1 Editorial board: Ali Abasov, doctorate in philosophy; Gasym Hajiyev, doctorate in historical sciences; Kerim Shukurov, doctorate in historical sciences; Firdovsiyye Ahmedova, candidate of historical scineces; Panah Huseyn, Mehman Aliyev, Novruz Novruzbeyli, Shamil Mehdi Editorial board: AH Abasov, doctorate in philosophy; Gasym Hajiyev, doctorate in historical sciences; Kerim Shukurov, doctorate in historical sciences; Firdovsiyye Ahmedova, candidate of historical scineces; Panah Huseyn, Mehman Aliyev, Novruz Novruzbeyli, Shamil Mehdi Translators: Heyran Muradova, Gulnar Mammedli OLG (Organization of Liberation of Garabagh). Proceedings of the conferences held under the topic "Garabagh yesterday, today and tomorrow". Second volume. Baku, 2009, 240 pages. The book expounds proceedings of the conferences held in 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 under the topic "Garabagh yesterday, today and tomorrow" and devoted to problems of Azerbaijan-Armenia war. The book is translated and published by financial support of Committee for State Support to non-governmental organizations attached to President of Azerbaijan Republic. From Editorial Board: This book embraces papers presented at the conferences held in 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 under the topic "Garabagh yesterday, today and tomorrow". Presented papers are devoted to various aspects of Azerbaijan -Armenia war caused by territorial claims and aggression of Armenia against Azerbaijan. These conferences initiated by Organization of Liberation of Garabagh are targeting to inform international community about causes, roots and perspectives of resolution of Azerbaijan-Armenia war and to derive a common, fair position, which corresponds to reality, in this vital problem. 2 Adalat Mustafayev ARMENIAN SEPARATISM AND ITS SUPPORTERS Political processes, which took place in western regions of Azerbaijan since 80-ies o the XX century were based on events of the XIX century when Russian empire invaded South Caucasus and initiated move of Armenians here. This problem became even more deeper with conveying of Zangezur to Armenia by Soviet empire and creation of autonomy for Armenians on the territory of Azerbaijan (DGAR, 1923). During the period of Soviet rule Armenians repeatedly expressed ridiculous ideas about economic and political "links" of Daglyg Garabagh to Armenia and claimed giving Autonomous Republic to Armenia. In 1965 when the claim of Armenia for Garabagh was voiced, Khrushov hold a fair position and defended rights of Azerbaijan (Boran Aziz. Khodjaly genocide: causes, methods of implementation and results. Baku, 2008, p.42). Those who made this demand clearly understood that in fact there were no economic or political ties of Daglyg Garabagh and Armenia. But Armenians never refused from their groundless claims and strengthened anti-Azerbaijan propaganda by all means. They also widely applied financial sources both across the former Union and in many foreign countries for implementation of their dirty plans against Azerbaijan. In 1989 Armenian organizations of the USA held a conference on Daglyg Garabagh at the Columbia University, which was attended by Tadeush Svyatokhovsky, who attempted to say truth and informed participants of the conference that Armenians are not the indigenous population. Professor then informed about crude behavior of Armenians towards him: "They said to me: "What a scientist you are, how can you say that you are an American scientist?" ("Elm" newspaper, July 29, 1989). The only thing is in mind of Armenians: whoever you are, you have to say "Amen" to lies and falsifications of Armenians. Anti-Azerbaijan propaganda of Armenians is confessed even by authoritative representatives of Russia. Ex vice-speaker of Russia S.Baburin while his meeting with lecturers and students of Baku State University said that "Armenians spend a lot of money for publication of anti- Azerbaijan propagandistic materials in mass media of Russia" (A.N.Abbasbeyli, P.Q.Darabadi, A.G.Ibrahimov. Conflictology. Textbook. Baku, 2006, p.269). Unable to objectively evaluate the essence and perspectives of political processes in former USSR, dutiful rule of K.Bagirov, A.Vezirov and A.Mutallibov seriously complicated situation in the Republic. (Musa I.M. International relations and Azerbaijan. Baku, 2005, p.478). When tragic process of withdrawal of over 200 thousand Azerbaijani from Armenia had started, Armenians of Garabagh were afraid of the similar actions against them. Unfortunately, Azerbaijan government failed to correctly evaluate situation and did not create conditions favorable for location of Azerbaijani refugees in Garabagh. At the same time, Armenians under 3 the control of USSR were equipped by arms and received required support from abroad. Through the period when empire moved towards collapse there emerged hurdles for a united strong resistance of our nation to enemy and the gap between authorities and people became even deeper. That is why, the enemy by use of all possible means succeeded to change the situation for its favor. It must be noted, that despite tense political situation through that period, Azerbaijan government speeded up construction of some buildings in Daglyg Garabagh, while Armenians at the same period were equipped by arms by Armenia and powerful supporters. In order to prevent all arguments of Armenians the government of Azerbaijan sent supplies to all regions of Autonomous Region and undertook any effort to improve social situation in the region. Events were not correctly evaluated, Azerbaijan mostly did not held firm position and regarded actions of Armenians as desire to impede reforms in the country. Azerbaijan authorities evaluated actions of Armenians as "storm of emotions" ("Baku" newspaper, July 14, 1989). With collapse of USSR the South Caucasus turned into the arena of ethnic conflicts. On the background of fight between forces attempted to preserve the Union and their opponents the hostility between nations became even deeper. Armenian nationalists played the role of catalyst of national hostility. Instability in South Caucasus, various attitudes of great powers to these processes and absence of farsighted leader able to preserve the unity in the country led to unwanted results for Azerbaijan. M.Gorbachev coming to power in 1985 held pro-Armenian position and did not refrain from expressing preconceived opinion about Azerbaijan. M.Gorbachev said about Garabagh problem that "Garabagh problem" exists and its roots are deep. The problem deepened because at a certain stage the attitude of Azerbaijan government to population was ...inhuman" (Armenian terrorism and crimes: in Azerbaijan, Turkey and around the world. Baku, 1994, p. 16). Preconceived opinion of a head of state was the evidence of Russian chauvinism. Gorbachev was aware that social-economic situation in Garabagh was exceptionally well. He just assisted to activity of Armenian nationalists. On January 12 of 1989 due to resolution of Supreme Soviet of USSR under leadership of Gorbachev the Special Governing Committee (SGC) was created in Daglyg Garabagh Autonomous Republic (DGAR). A.Volski, who headed a special committee created for the first time through the history of Union under the leadership of Gorbachev, was pro-Armenian chauvinist. He was one of those who created condition favorable for blossoming of Armenian nationalism and separatism in Garabagh. Major activity of a body created by USSR authorities in Garabagh served for strengthening of positions of Armenians. At the same time, SGC attempted to create conditions for gradual convey of Garabagh under subordination of Russian Federation. They tried first of all to convey control over enterprises to Russia or other dependent countries. All these were planned before 4 creation of SGC and Volski was closely involved in this. Newspaper "Baku" noted that "A.Volski as a representative of Central Committee of Soviet CP and Supreme Soviet of USSR" took part at the meetings held by authorities of Azerbaijan and Armenia in DGAR on October 11, 1988. (Newspaper "Baku", October 12, 1988). From the activity of A.Volski it is clear who he is. Armenians were delighted when SGC was created in DGAR under supervision of A.Volski and ignoring decisions of Azerbaijan government intensified separatism and atrocities. However in the press the SGC activity evaluated as "positive". "Special Governing Committee, juridical and internal affairs bodies do everything possible in order to prevent ethnic clashes and killing of civilians" ("Baku" newspaper, July 12, 1989). It was the result of policy implement by this committee that nature of information sent to Moscow had changed, creating negative opinion about Azerbaijani, and evaluated terrorist groups of Armenians as their attempt for self-determination. Higher activity of Armenian lobby was clearly observed. Instead of restoration of order in the region the Special Governing Committee made the situation favorable for withdrawal of Azerbaijani from here. From the start of the conflict various groups and officials successively visited Garabagh openly or hidden. To clarify situation in DGAR and regulate activity of security forces the group of officials including USSR's Deputy Internal Affairs Ministry -S.Lusauskas, Head of Regular troops Colonel-General I.Shatalin and other officials visited Khankendi (Stepanakert). But this visit deteriorated situation and increased cases of killings and