22 Research CYAN MAGENTA YELLOW BLACK Tobacco control research projects 22 Research completed Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) nationally or in at least one site 2002 Current foundation grant recipients selected countries Tobacco Control RUSSIAN Basic scientific epidemiological (BMJ) FED. International Development Research Centre – LITHUANIA research over the last 50 years has European Union: UNITED Research for International Tobacco Control In addition to subsidising the KINGDOM proved the harmfulness of growing of tobacco, the EU GERMANY POLAND United Nations Foundation also invests a small, but HQ BELGIUM tobacco. growing proportion of money EU Community Fund UKRAINE in tobacco control and for Research Rockefeller Foundation Reducing tobacco use requires alternative crops. and Information REP. MOLDOVA knowing what works, and on Tobacco RUSSIAN Fogarty International Center FEDERATION applying this information CANADA systematically. Building the other foundations scientific base is a prerequisite for IDRC journals devoted to tobacco control progress. In developed countries, Journal of the Society for Chest HQ Foundation Research on Nicotine MOROCCO TUNISIA there has been no shortage of data and Tobacco HQ HQ Rockefeller Foundation on tobacco use. Thanks in part to KYRGYZSTAN USA HQ United Nations Foundation HQ investments by international Fogarty International Center see inset T U N development agencies and IS CHINA MOROCCO IA foundations, tobacco control KUWAIT PAKISTAN BAHAMAS NEPAL MEXICO BAHRAIN research in the developing world DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Macau SAR UAE is also beginning to flourish. CUBA Hong Kong SAR JAMAICA SAUDI ARABIA BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS INDIA MYANMAR NORTHERN While increased funding is HAITI ANTIGUA & BARBUDA MAURITANIA OMAN VIET NAM MARIANA VIRGIN ISLANDS (US) MALI THAILAND ISLANDS MONTSERRAT DOMINICA NIGER ST LUCIA important, barriers continue to ST VINCENT & GRENAD. SUDAN PHILIPPINES GRENADA BARBADOS BURKINA CAMBODIA FASO exist. A recent report highlighted COSTA RICA TRINIDAD & TOBAGO SENEGAL NIGERIA VENEZUELA A GUYANA N A SRI LANKA PALAU recurring research themes for SURINAME H G COLOMBIA MICRONESIA, developing countries, including TURKEY MALAYSIA FED. STATES OF the lack of standardised data, SINGAPORE ECUADOR $156,000 KENYA absence of a network for LEBANON WEST BANK JORDAN INDONESIA communication, lack of tobacco AND GAZA control research capacity, and the BRAZIL PERU MALAWI SAUDI ARABIA need for human and financial EGYPT resources. BOLIVIA ZIMBABWE $116,000 MOZAMBIQUE The source of the funding is of CHILE equal importance. Historically, S tobacco companies have SOUTH AFRICA sponsored research, promising URUGUAY How much research? FIJI complete independence, only to ARGENTINA Number of times keywords found in search bury unfavourable findings and of 45,000 medical research papers delete words such as “cancer.” April 2002 To improve their public image, tobacco companies are once again cell 108,242 oking 84,303 offering substantial research AIDS 106,704 $47,000 Alcohol 437,672 Diabetes 176,783Stem Sm ParasitesNarcotics 75,837Cocaine 57,150 18,268 funding to academic institutions Comparative research expenditure worldwide, promising complete National Institutes of Health spending on independence. Academic research funding for major diseases researchers should consider this US$ per related death 2001 Cancer 1,401,520 option cautiously, given the $15,000 $11,000 history of misuse of $8,000 $10,000 scientific findings. $1,000 $1,400 $2,000 AIDS Stroke Cancer Diabetes Asthma Alzheimers Tobacco use Hypertension Tuberculosis 70 Cardiovasculardisease 71 23 Tobacco control organisations CYAN MAGENTA YELLOW BLACK Edinburgh Tobacco control organisations Tobacco Control Resource Centre, Stockholm European Network European Nurses 23 Tobacco Control of Quitlines Against Tobacco World Health Organization and regional Helsinki and associated offices Organisations London Quit & Win International Agency Copenhagen “To be sure of victory the wise in warfare EURO international organisations on Tobacco and Health, Helsinki see to it that they first have a strong International Network Towards moral cause and that the army is well European Network Smoke-Free Hospitals of Young People and Tobacco disciplined.” regional organisations General Sun Tzu, The Art of War: A Treatise on Chinese Military Science, c.500BC Brussels European Network “Tobacco is a killer. We need a broad Paris for Smoking alliance against tobacco, calling on a wide European Union of Prevention range of partners to halt the relentless Non-smokers, increase in global tobacco consumption.” European Network for Smoke-free Hospitals Geneva Dr Gro Harlem Brundtland, Chicago Geneva Director General, WHO, 1998 WHO HQ, European Medical International Tobacco Lyon Association Evidence Network UN Ad Hoc International Agency Interagency Task Force on Smoking The tobacco control network is Middleton, Wisconsin for Research on Cancer on Tobacco Control and Health Society for Research Boston committed and far-reaching. The on Nicotine and Tobacco Geneva Network for Accountability Globalink, UICC International of Tobacco Transnationals Union Against Cancer World Health Organization’s Washington DC AMRO/PAHO Bangladesh Seoul Tobacco Free Initiative (TFI) is Tobacco Free Forum, New York New York Asia Pacific Association conducted from headquarters in Washington DC South Asia Association for the Control of Tobacco Liaison Office International Network for Regional Cooperation Geneva and the regional and Global Partnerships with the UN, of Women Against Tobacco Amman for Tobacco Control UN Ad Hoc Cairo Arab Council on national offices around the world. Interagency Task Force EMRO Smoking Control New Delhi SEARO on Tobacco Control Hong Kong There is now a WHO Focal Point Asian Consultancy on Tobacco or Health in all on Tobacco Control countries, and the TFI is Manila Bamako Bangkok WPRO supported by a number of other L’Observatoire du Tabac Southeast Asian Tobacco international agencies such as en Afrique Francophone Control Alliance Unicef, the World Bank, IARC Kuala Lumpur and the UN Foundation. Network for Islamic The non-governmental Approach Against Tobacco organisations (NGOs) highlighted on this map are those whose Lima remit is 100 percent tobacco- Latin American Coordinating related. There are dozens more Committee on Harare international NGOs which Tobacco Control AFRO address tobacco control as part of their activities, ranging from the Johannesburg World Medical Association to International Perth Non Governmental Coalition Framework Convention Consumers International. Against Tobacco Alliance Academia is also a valuable partner, as many universities time on tobacco issues. We cannot hope to win in a carry out research and promote Numerous other partners include head-on confrontation. Our tactics must be to discover policy initiatives in tobacco organisations involved with our opponents weaknesses, control. women, youth, environment, attack those particular There are also many national law, economics, human rights, points, cause as much World conferences on tobacco or health tobacco control organisations religion and development. confusion as possible, and attack somewhere else while 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th whose impact is not restricted to Most tobacco control their attention is that country but also felt organisations are seriously under- distracted 1967 1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1990 1992 1994 1997 2000 2003 worldwide. These include ASH in funded given the scope of the Surprise is a key element. New York London New York Stockholm Winnipeg Tokyo Perth Buenos Aires Paris Beijing Chicago Helsinki the UK, ThaiHealth in Thailand, tobacco epidemic. The better USA UK USA Sweden Canada Japan Australia Argentina France China USA Finland and the Campaign for Tobacco financed, such as ThaiHealth, are Philip Morris, 1978 Free Kids in the USA. In addition, funded by a percentage of many national NGOs work part tobacco tax. 72 73 24 Smoke free areas CYAN MAGENTA YELLOW BLACK Smoke-free areas at work 24 Legislation: Smoke-free Areas Some, partial or all areas 2000 smoking is prohibited in some areas ICELAND FINLAND Banning smoking in public places NORWAY smoking is restricted in some areas is a sound public health measure SWEDEN ESTONIA to protect the health of non- RUSSIAN LATVIA FED. employers voluntarily prohibit or restrict smoking DENMARK smokers. UNITED LITHUANIA KINGDOM no bans or no data The issue of workplace bans is IRELAND BELARUS primarily one of labour legislation NETH. GERMANY POLAND BELGIUM 90% public support for restrictions to protect the health of workers, CZECH UKRAINE REPUBLIC SLOVAKIA on where people can smoke REP. HUNGARY who are exposed to passive AUSTRIA MOLDOVA 2001 percentages in selected countries FRANCE SWITZ. smoking for long periods during SLOVENIA ROMANIA RUSSIAN CANADA CROATIA B-H FEDERATION their work shifts, whether this be SAN MARINO BULGARIA in public or office buildings, SPAIN PORTUGAL restaurants or public transport. GREECE Workplace smoking bans are MONGOLIA MOROCCO TUNISIA 79% effective in reducing exposure to UNITED STATES KYRGYZSTAN OF AMERICA JAPAN passive smoking. Smokers who TURKEY REP. are employed in workplaces with SYRIAN ARAB KOREA REPUBLIC CHINA CYPRUS LEB smoking bans are likely to TUNISIA IRAQ MOROCCO ISRAEL 1729 Bhutan consume fewer cigarettes per KUWAIT BHUTAN NEPAL First documented day, are more likely to consider MEXICO legislation EGYPT 98% quitting, and quit at a greater CUBA BANGLADESH