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This document is archival in nature and is intended Le présent document a une valeur archivistique et for those who wish to consult archival documents fait partie des documents d’archives rendus made available from the collection of Public Safety disponibles par Sécurité publique Canada à ceux Canada. qui souhaitent consulter ces documents issus de sa collection. Some of these documents are available in only one official language. Translation, to be provided Certains de ces documents ne sont disponibles by Public Safety Canada, is available upon que dans une langue officielle. Sécurité publique request. Canada fournira une traduction sur demande. Canadian Security Guide Book 2007 EDITION An Update of Security Problems in Search of Solutions COASTS Standing Senate Committee on National Security and Defence March 2007 MEMBERSHIP 39th Parliament – 1st Session STANDING COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL SECURITY AND DEFENCE The Honourable Colin Kenny, Chair The Honourable Norman K. Atkins, Deputy Chair and The Honourable Tommy Banks The Honourable Joseph A. Day The Honourable Wilfred P. Moore The Honourable Rod A. A. Zimmer *The Honourable Marjory LeBreton, P.C., (or the Honourable Gerald Comeau) *The Honourable Céline Hervieux-Payette (or the Honourable Claudette Tardif) *Ex Officio Members Other Senators who participated during the 39th Parliament – 1st Session: The Honourable George Baker The Honourable Janis G. Johnson The Honourable Michael A. Meighen The Honourable Grant Mitchell The Honourable Pierre Claude Nolin The Honourable Hugh Segal The Honourable Gerry St. Germain, P.C. The Honourable Terry Stratton The Honourable David Tkachuk MEMBERSHIP 38th Parliament – 1st Session STANDING COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL SECURITY AND DEFENCE The Honourable Colin Kenny, Chair The Honourable J. Michael Forrestall, Deputy Chair and The Honourable Norman K. Atkins The Honourable Tommy Banks The Honourable Jane Cordy The Honourable Joseph A. Day The Honourable Michael A. Meighen The Honourable Jim Munson The Honourable Pierre Claude Nolin *The Honourable Jack Austin, P.C. (or the Honourable William Rompkey, P.C.) *The Honourable Noël A. Kinsella (or the Honourable Terry Stratton) *Ex Officio Members Other Senators who participated during the 38th Parliament – 1st Session: The Honourable Ione Christensen The Honourable Anne C. Cools The Honourable Percy Downe The Honourable Rose-Marie Losier-Cool The Honourable John Lynch-Staunton The Honourable Terry M. Mercer The Honourable Wilfred P. Moore The Honourable Donald H. Oliver The Honourable Gerard A. Phalen The Honourable William Rompkey The Honourable Peter A. Stollery The Honourable David Tkachuk The Honourable Marilyn Trenholme Counsell MEMBERSHIP 37th Parliament – 3rd Session STANDING COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL SECURITY AND DEFENCE The Honourable Colin Kenny, Chair The Honourable J. Michael Forrestall, Deputy Chair and The Honourable Norman K. Atkins The Honourable Tommy Banks The Honourable Jane Cordy The Honourable Joseph A. Day The Honourable Michael A. Meighen The Honourable Jim Munson The Honourable David P. Smith, P.C. *The Honourable Jack Austin, P.C. (or the Honourable William Rompkey, P.C.) *The Honourable John Lynch-Staunton (or the Honourable Noël A. Kinsella) *Ex Officio Members MEMBERSHIP 37th Parliament – 2nd Session STANDING COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL SECURITY AND DEFENCE The Honourable Colin Kenny, Chair The Honourable J. Michael Forrestall, Deputy Chair and The Honourable Norman K. Atkins The Honourable Tommy Banks The Honourable Jane Cordy The Honourable Joseph A. Day The Honourable Michael A. Meighen The Honourable David P. Smith, P.C. The Honourable John (Jack) Wiebe *The Honourable Sharon Carstairs, P.C. (or the Honourable Fernand Robichaud, P.C.) *The Honourable John Lynch-Staunton (or the Honourable Noël A. Kinsella) *Ex Officio Members MEMBERSHIP 37th Parliament – 1st Session STANDING COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL SECURITY AND DEFENCE The Honourable Colin Kenny, Chair The Honourable J. Michael Forrestall, Deputy Chair and The Honourable Norman K. Atkins The Honourable Tommy Banks The Honourable Jane Cordy The Honourable Joseph A. Day The Honourable Laurier L. LaPierre The Honourable Michael A. Meighen The Honourable John (Jack) Wiebe *The Honourable Sharon Carstairs, P.C. (or the Honourable Fernand Robichaud, P.C.) *The Honourable John Lynch-Staunton (or the Honourable Noël A. Kinsella) *Ex Officio Members TABLE OF CONTENTS Problem 1: Canada’s Toothless Coast Guard ............................................................1 Problem 2: Too Many Holes to Fill Without a Plan................................................12 Problem 3: Inadequate Coastal Radar......................................................................18 Problem 4: Inadequate Short-Range Coastal Patrols...............................................21 Problem 5: Dearth of Long-Range Patrols on Three Coasts ...................................23 Problem 6: Lack of Coastal Warnings Network......................................................25 Problem 7: Lack of Great Lakes Surveillance.........................................................31 Problem 8: Lack of Policing on Canada’s Inland Coastal Waters ..........................39 APPENDIX I............................................................................................................45 Order of Reference...................................................................................................45 APPENDIX II ..........................................................................................................47 Index of Recommendations .....................................................................................47 Canadian Security Guide Book 2005.......................................................................47 APPENDIX III.........................................................................................................51 Index of New Recommendations.............................................................................51 APPENDIX IV.........................................................................................................55 Description of Coast Guard Cutter and Icebreakers Recommended by the Committee................................................................................................................55 APPENDIX V ..........................................................................................................59 Glossary....................................................................................................................59 APPENDIX VI.........................................................................................................67 Who the Committee Heard From.............................................................................67 APPENDIX VII .................................................................................................... 107 Biographies of Committee Members.................................................................... 107 APPENDIX VIII................................................................................................... 111 Biographies of the Committee Secretariat ............................................................ 111 Canadian Security Guide Book 2007 Edition - COASTS Coasts Problem 1: Canada’s Toothless Coast Guard The Canadian Coast Guard has not been able to contribute to the defence of Canada’s coastlines in any significant way because it lacks the mandate, the experience, the equipment, and the institutional focus to do so. The Coast Guard does some things extremely well, but it does not guard our coasts. It has done yeoman duty tending buoys, breaking ice, enforcing fisheries regulations, and acting as a ferry service for RCMP patrols. It is not the fault of the Coast Guard that its mandate is only marginally connected to security, and much more focused on the protection of the environment, support of scientific research, facilitation of trade and commerce, navigation safety and emergency response. The Coast Guard does not have a constabulary function, it is not armed, and it reports to the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO), all of which contribute to a focus away from coastal security. The Committee’s point for several years now has been that we cannot figure out why no Canadian government has taken note of the fact that Canada’s littoral waters are virtually undefended, and that the Canadian Coast Guard is ideally placed to defend them. Some contend that because the Coast Guard is unionized it would require a significant cultural shift to turn it into a constabulary agency; union cooperation would be unlikely; and union membership would deny the Coast Guard the degree of flexibility needed to rise to the occasion when difficulties presented themselves. Unionization isn’t an issue.