The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Creative Industries Series No. 7 For more information contact WIPO at www.wipo.int World Intellectual Property Organization 34, chemin des Colombettes P.O. Box 18 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 338 91 11 Fax: +41 22 733 54 28 Front cover photos courtesy of photos-public-domain.com (sheet music, bookshop and mandolin), http://www.copyright-free-images.com (radio tower and receiver) August 2013 and http://www.freedigitalphotos.net (beading) The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan September 2012 Prepared by: The South-North Center for Dialogue and Development Research team: Dr. Sabri Rbeihat Dr. Amer Bakeer September 2012 Amman-Jordan The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Table of Contents Acknowledgements 5 Executive Summary 6 1. IntroductIon 8 1.1 Definitions 8 1.1.1 Core Copyright Industries 8 1.1.2 Interdependent Copyright Industries 10 1.1.3 Partial Copyright Industries 10 1.1.4 Non dedicated support industries 10 1.2 Objectives 11 1.3 Methodology 11 2. currEnt StAtuS of copyrIght LAw In JordAn 13 3. copyrIght-bASEd InduStrIES In thE nAtIonAL contExt 16 3.1 General Overview 16 3.2 Copyright-based industries 17 3.2.1 Press and Literature 17 3.2.2 Music, Theatrical Production and Operas 17 3.2.3 Radio and Television 18 3.2.4 Visual and graphic arts 18 3.2.5 Photography 19 3.2.6 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) 19 3.2.7 Advertising Services 20 3.2.8 Motion Picture and Video 20 3.2.9 Collective Management Societies (CMS) 21 4. contrIbutIon of thE copyrIght-bASEd InduStrIES to gdp 22 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan 4.1 GDP and Personal Services 22 4.2 Growth 22 4.3 Value- Added 24 4.3.1 Core Copyright Industries 24 4.3.2 Interdependent Copyright Industries 25 4.3.3 Partial Copyright Industries 26 4.3.4 Non-dedicated Support Industries 27 4.3.5 Total Copyright Industries Value-Added 28 4.4 Employment by Category 29 4.4.1 Core Copyright Industries 29 1 4.4.2 Interdependent Copyright Industries 30 4.4.3 Partial Copyright Industries 31 4.4.4 Non-dedicated Support Industries 32 4.4.5 Employment in Copyright Industries 32 4.5 Production 33 4.6 Growth in Value Added 33 4.7 Productivity 34 4.8 Trade 37 4.8.1 Exports 37 4.8.2 Imports 38 4.8.3 Trade Balance 39 4.9 Multipliers 40 4.10 Financing 42 5. IntErnAtIonAL compArISonS 43 6. concLuSIonS And rEcommEndAtIonS 46 6.1 Towards the Development of the Copyright-Based Industries in Jordan 46 AnnEx I: dEScrIptIon of ISIc codES 49 AnnEx 2: EmpLoymEnt, VALuE AddEd And productIon In 2006-2009 52 AnnEx 3: contrIbutIon to gdp 55 AnnEx 4: contrIbutIon to EmpLoymEnt 56 AnnEx 5: ExportS of copyrIght ItEmS 57 AnnEx 6: ImportS of copyrIght ItEmS In 2006 59 AnnEx 7: numbEr of EStAbLIShmEntS, EmpLoymEnt And rEVEnuES In 2006 65 references 67 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan 2 Ta b l e s table 2.1: Progress of Copyright Office work since the Year 2000 15 table 2.2: Software piracy rates 15 table 3.1: ICT revenues in 2010 20 table 4.1: Services Share in GDP and Annual Change 2006-2009 22 table 4.2: Growth Rates of GDP and Social and Personal Services during 2006-2009 (at constant prices) 23 table 4.3: Contribution of Individual Core Industries Subgroups in Value Added, 2006 24 table 4.4: Contribution of Interdependent Copyright Industries Subgroups in Value Added, 2006 (000JD) 26 table 4.5: Contribution of Individual Partial Copyright Subgroups in Value Added, 2006 (000JD) 27 table 4.6: Contribution of Non-dedicated Support Industries in Value Added, 2006 (000JD) 28 table 4.7: Core Copyright, Interdependent Copyright, Partial and Non-dedicated Support Industries’ Contribution to GDP in 2006 28 table 4.8: Employment in Core Copyright Industries 29 table 4.9: Employment in the Interdependent Copyright Industries 30 table 4.10: Employment in the Partial Copyright Industries 31 table 4.11: Employment in the Non-Dedicated Support Industries 32 table 4.12: Employment in the Copyright Industries in 2006 33 table 4.13: Employment by gender 33 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan table 4.14: Growth Rates in Value Added 2006-2009 (000 JD) 34 table 4.15: Productivity in the Copyright Industries (JD) 34 table 4.16: Exports of partial copyright items (please align left the numbers in the table) 38 table 4.17: Trade deficit in core copyright items 39 table 4.18: Trade deficit in partial copyright items 39 table 4.19: Inputs of publishing into other activities 40 table 4.20: Inputs of Copyright Based Industries Into Other Economic Activities and Output of Those Other Activities 41 3 table 5.1: Contribution of copyright industries to Jordan’s economy 43 F i g u r e s figure 2.1: Copyright Cases 14 figure 2.2: Piracy Rate % 15 figure 4.1: GDP: 2006-2009 22 figure 4.2: Growth Rates of Social and Personal Services (%) 23 figure 4.3: Rate of GDP (2006-2009 (%) 23 figure 4.4: Core Copyright Industries 25 figure 4.5: Interdependent Copyright Industries 26 figure 4.6: Partial Copyright Industries Value 27 figure 4.7: Non-Dedicated Support Industries Value Added 28 figure 4.8: Contribution of Copyright Industrise to GDP 29 figure 4.9: Employment in Core Copyright Industries by Category 30 figure 4.10: Employment of Interdependent Copyright Industries by Category 31 figure 4.11: Employment of Partial Copyright Industries by Category 32 figure 4.12: Employment in Copyright Industries 33 figure 4.13: Productivity in the Core Copyright Industries by Category (JD) 35 figure 4.14: Productivity in the Interdependent Copyright Industries by Category (JD) 36 figure 4.15: Productivity in the Partial Copyright Industries by Category (JD) 36 figure 4.16: Productivity in the Copyright Industries by Category (JD) 37 figure 4.17: Distribution of the Partial Copyright Items 38 figure 4.18: Trade Deficit of the Core Copyright Items 39 figure 4.19: Partial Copyright Items Net Export 40 figure 5.1: Copyright Contribution to the Economy, Worldwide 44 figure 5.2: Copyright Share in GDP, Worldwide 44 figure 5.3: Copyright Share in Employment, Worldwide 45 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan 4 Acknowledgements The South-North Center for Dialogue & Development would like to extend its thanks and deep gratitude to all organisations and individuals who played an instrumental role and made invaluable contribution to the completion of this report. Firstly, we would like to thank the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), for initiating this project and following up its execution. In particular, we would like to thank Mr. Dimiter Gantchev, Deputy Director, Culture and Creative Industries Sector of WIPO, and Mr. Roger Melki, WIPO Consultant. Secondly, our deep gratitude goes to The Ministry of Culture, represented by His Excellency Dr. Salah Jarrar; Mr. Ma’moun Talhouni, General Secretary; Mr. Mohammad Younis Alabbadi, General Director of The National Library; and Ana’am Yousef Mutawe’a, Head of Research Section Department at the National Library, for their tireless efforts and help with follow-up. Thirdly, the research team would like to thank The Jordanian Department of Statistics, represented by Mr. Fathi Alnsour, and the General Director of the department, Mr. Shaher Alhmoud, for providing the study with the needed information. Fourthly, the research team gratefully acknowledges the enthusiasm and cooperation of many Jordanian officials, professionals, individuals and departments who gave all the needed support for the completion of this project; the list includes: the Audiovisual Commission; the Jordanian Press Association; the Jordanian Artists Association; the Jordanian Producers Union; and Mr. Saleh Rtaimeh, Mr. Tareq Almomani, Mr. Hussein Alkhateeb, Mr. Fat’hi Albess, Mr. Radi Alkhas, Mr. Adnan Awamlah, Mr. Abed Shamlawi and Mr. Mohammad Ta’ani. Fifthly, the team also acknowledges the role of both the Ministry of Finance and its affiliate departments (Income and Sales Tax Department, The Jordanian Customs Bureau) and the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. Nevertheless, the research would have not been possible without the dedication and the skills of the able researchers and staff of The South-North Center. So we would like to express the research team’s appreciation for the help we received from many assistants who made an extraordinary effort in their various capacities. The team is delighted to thank Mr. Mohammad Alru’od, Mrs. Nisrine Harasees and The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Miss Lana Alassaf for their contribution. Finally, the Center recognises with deep appreciation the generosity of Dr. Amer Bakeer, who applied his distinguished ability and understanding of the Jordanian economy to produce this study 5 Executive Summary The study aims to quantify the economic contribution of copyright and related rights-based industries in Jordan by estimating their value added, employment, exports and imports. In addition, the study highlights the policy framework of the industry and its characteristics in the national context. The study adopts the methodology of the WIPO Guidelines and relies heavily on both WIPO literature and surveys conducted by the Department of Statistics of Jordan, as well as several workshops, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with different stakeholders.