Section C: U.S. Department of the Interior Preliminary Section 18 Prescriptions, Klamath Hydroelectric Project - FERC No. 2082 I. INTRODUCTION, BACKGROUND, AND PROCEDURAL CONSIDERATIONS ..............................................1 II. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................................................................2 III. REVIEW PROCEDURES.......................................................................................................................................6 IV. NEED FOR FISHWAYS ........................................................................................................................................7 A. Existing Fishways and Fishways Proposed by the Applicant...............................................................................7 1. Upstream Fishways............................................................................................................................................8 2. Downstream Fishways.....................................................................................................................................10 B. Benefits of the Services’ Fishway Prescriptions .................................................................................................12 1. Fishway Benefits by Species – Project Reach .................................................................................................12 A. Resident trout.......................................................................................................................................13 B. Federally-listed suckers .......................................................................................................................14 C. Coho salmon ........................................................................................................................................14 D. Fall-run Chinook salmon .....................................................................................................................17 E. Lamprey...............................................................................................................................................17 F. Spring-run Chinook salmon.................................................................................................................17 G. Steelhead..............................................................................................................................................18 2. Fishway Benefits by Species - Above Project Reach ......................................................................................18 A. Resident trout.......................................................................................................................................18 B. Federally-listed Suckers.......................................................................................................................18 C. Fall-run Chinook salmon .....................................................................................................................19 D. Pacific Lamprey...................................................................................................................................19 E. Spring-run Chinook salmon.................................................................................................................19 F. Steelhead..............................................................................................................................................19 3. Additional Fishway Benefits ...........................................................................................................................19 C. Summary of Benefits and Need for Fishway Prescriptions.................................................................................21 V. PRELIMINARY SECTION 18 PRESCRIPTIONS FOR FISHWAYS .................................................................22 A. RESERVATION OF AUTHORITY TO PRESCRIBE FISHWAYS.................................................................23 B. PRELIMINARY PRESCRIPTIONS FOR FISHWAYS ....................................................................................25 Specific Fishway Prescriptions for Klamath Hydroelectric Project Fishways.........................................................33 1. Iron Gate Dam .................................................................................................................................................35 1.1 Iron Gate Dam Upstream Fishway ...............................................................................................................38 1.2 Iron Gate Dam Downstream Fishway...........................................................................................................39 1.3 Iron Gate Spillway........................................................................................................................................39 2. Fall Creek Diversion Dam...................................................................................................................................40 2.1 Fall Creek Diversion Dam Upstream Fishway .............................................................................................41 2.2 Fall Creek Diversion Dam Downstream Fishway ........................................................................................42 2.3 Fall Creek Powerhouse Tailrace Barrier.......................................................................................................42 3. Spring Creek Diversion Dam...........................................................................................................................42 3.1 Spring Creek Diversion Dam Upstream Fishway.........................................................................................43 3.2 Spring Creek Diversion Dam Downstream Fishway....................................................................................44 4. Copco 2 and Copco 1 Dams ...............................................................................................................................44 4.1 Copco 2 Upstream Fishway..........................................................................................................................49 4.2 Copco 2 Downstream Fishway.....................................................................................................................49 4.3 Copco 2 Spillway..........................................................................................................................................50 4.4 Copco 2 Tailrace Barrier...............................................................................................................................50 4.5 Copco 2 Bypass Channel Barrier/Impediment Modification........................................................................51 5. Copco 1 Dam.......................................................................................................................................................51 5.1 Copco 1 Dam Upstream Fishway .................................................................................................................51 5.2 Copco 1 Downstream Fishway.....................................................................................................................52 5.3 Copco 1 Spillway..........................................................................................................................................53 5.4 Copco 1 Tailrace Barrier...............................................................................................................................53 6. J.C. Boyle Dam....................................................................................................................................................54 6.1 J.C. Boyle Bypass Channel...........................................................................................................................58 6.2 J.C. Boyle Upstream Fishway.......................................................................................................................58 6.3 J.C. Boyle Downstream Fishway..................................................................................................................59 6.4 J.C. Boyle Spillway ......................................................................................................................................60 6.5 J.C. Boyle Tailrace Barrier ...........................................................................................................................60 7. Keno Dam............................................................................................................................................................60 7.1 Upstream Fishway at Keno Dam...................................................................................................................63 7.2 Keno Spillway ..............................................................................................................................................64 8. Eastside and Westside Developments..............................................................................................................65 8.1 Eastside and Westside Downstream Fishways .............................................................................................67 8.2 Tailrace Barriers at Eastside and Westside Developments ...........................................................................68 LITERATURE CITED................................................................................................................................................69