The journey so far Working together for safe water in Uganda This country brief - compiled by IRC - shares our partners, including Caroline Delaire and the highlights and lessons learned from Katherine Marshall (Aquaya Institute), Yaver collective action in Kabarole, Kamwenge and Abidi and Bridget Teirney (WSUP), Thomas Bunyangabu districts in Uganda. The Safe Mugumye (PATH), Anthony Githinji and Water Strategy partnership – made possible Magdalene Goble (Water,org), and Margaret with funding from the Conrad N. Hilton Person (CDC) with providing updates and Foundation – works to ensure access to safe reviewing, allowing us to speak with a joint water services for everyone, for good. voice. See pages 10-11 for a complete overview of our partners in Uganda. Please also see the other focus country briefs and the synthesis document: People, systems PUBLISHED BY IRC and change: harnessing the power of collective Copy editing by www.writing-services.co.uk action through the Safe Water Strategy here: https://www.ircwash.org/resources/ Design and layout by Punt Grafisch Ontwerp working-together-safe-water-journey-so-far THE STORY OF THE COVER PHOTO AUTHORS: Kabasinguzi Olive is a Nursing Assistant Jane Nabunnya Mulumba, Florence Anobe at Bwanika Primary Health Care Facility II, and Martin Watsisi Kabarole district: “We normally tell the patients to first ease themselves when they ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: come here because the patients have We thank Patrick Moriarty, Sára Bori and Vera nothing to use. Staff are using the toilet of the van der Grift for close review, Marc Jaffrey for nearby community. So there is a need to editorial guidance, Naomi Kabarungi for construct a toilet and provide a water source sharing stories and data, Dechan Dalrymple for the health care facility. I was told that for designing graphics and Angela Huston for there is a programme going on, supported by coordinating the data for our evidence-based IRC, which is helping us construct a toilet. storytelling. We could not have shared these We’re very happy about that.” lessons and highlights without the support of MEASURING PROGRESS IS COMPLICATED In this brief we use the definitions of the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene (JMP) to assess the quality of services that people are receiving and to set targets for the future. The JMP identifies a service ladder whose rungs consist of five distinct service levels: surface water; unimproved; limited; basic; and, safely managed. Like the JMP, we use a combination of household surveys, infrastructure, water quality, and administrative data to estimate the proportion of the population being served at each level. Criteria including technology type, protection from contaminants, distance from home and availability. Each level up from ‘surface water’ represents a significant improvement in the safety and security of the supply. The same logic applies to sanitation, hygiene, and services in schools and health care facilities. A safer water supply can be achieved by using infrastructure that guards against contamination (e.g. a deep mechanised borehole or a piped scheme instead of an open well or stream); using water treatment technology (e.g. in a piped scheme or chlorination at a point source); or reducing the distance and time between the point of collection and the point of use (in turn reducing both the risk of recontamination, and the burden and risks of long trips to the water point). We are driving progress towards universal access to safe services, and eventually ‘safely managed’ services by using a variety of context-appropriate strategies. These include bringing piped water to more households, protecting and disinfecting community water points, and promoting better household storage and treatment practices. The JMP definitions do not always match perfectly to national norms and standards. In particular, there is considerable disagreement about what constitutes ‘safe’ water. Despite this, we believe that for consistency and ease of comparison across countries and programmes, it makes sense to use JMP wherever possible. For more information on the JMP methodology, go to https://washdata.org/monitoring/methods. 3 Our vision Everyone deserves to have safe water. It’s the most fundamental human right, and a basic need that enables fulfilling and productive lives. The vision of the Safe Water Strategy in Uganda is to make access to safe water available for everyone, for good. During the last 20 years, there has been shared goals that drive systems change, all significant progress towards this aim. And galvanised through local ‘hubs’. Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6) – Hubs act as the ‘backbone’ of each partnership. access to water and sanitation for all by They help local leaders to mobilise and 2030 – has provided a sense of urgency coordinate partners. They facilitate relationships, and fresh impetus. provide expertise and monitoring, help share learning and ensure continuous communication But we’re still badly off track. Why? Because among partners. Hubs also work at the national people have focused on infrastructure, rather level, linking what’s happening at the district to than making water services effective and the centres of power and decision making within sustainable. This approach has been inefficient the country. This way, as these partnerships and ineffective. It’s meant that we’ve explore new solutions through collective action duplicated efforts and haven’t addressed what and build institutional capacity to sustain matters most to vulnerable communities. What services, they also help expand proven we need now is a change of mindset, and a approaches nationally and globally. change of approach. We need to understand the root causes of systemic issues and The activities of this unique collaboration in strengthen the systems that deliver water Uganda are concentrated in Kabarole and services: not just infrastructure but also the Bunyangabu districts. The neighbouring district people, partnerships, incentives, laws and of Kamwenge is also closely involved, through policies that make it work. the work of Water For People, Water.org and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The The Safe Water Strategy (2017-2021)1, a partnership is also working at a regional scale, programme funded by the Conrad N. Hilton supporting the newly formed Mid-Western Foundation embraced this challenge by Umbrella Utility for Water and Sanitation to driving systems change in districts in Burkina extend their services in 16 districts, including Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Niger and Uganda. Kabarole, Kamwenge and Bunyangabu. Safe Water Strategy partners work to bring the ambitions of SDG 6 within reach for District government and the Safe Water households, health care facilities and schools. Strategy partnership developed a WASH master plan for Kabarole district in 2018. It contains The strategy is based on a simple but the district’s long-term WASH priorities, reflects ambitious hypothesis – that it is possible to national and international WASH priorities, as have a long-term impact on safe water outlined in Uganda’s National Development services for everyone by supporting Plan II and the UN’s Sustainable Development district-level change through government Goals (SDGs). Kabarole district’s vision is to leadership, local coordination of partners and serve its entire population with at least basic the development of clear and ambitious WASH services by 2030. 1 The Conrad N. Hilton Foundation’s 2017-2021 Safe Water Strategy. https://www.hiltonfoundation.org/ learning/2017-2021-safe-water-strategic-initiative-strategy 4 The challenge and context in Uganda … When the UN General Assembly adopted the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in September 2015, Uganda held the UN Presidency. The Government of Uganda is committed Environment. According to the Water and to the delivery of universal access to safe water Environment Sector Performance Report for the entire population. National Development 2019/20, 69% of rural residents and 79% of Goal III, defines approaches and targets to urban residents have access to improved address gaps in the Water, Sanitation and water sources. Against this, under JMP definitions 49% of the entire population had access to at least basic services in 2017. The National Multi-level difference is largely explained by the • Advocacy, influencing engagement in Uganda and capacity building is part of the systems requirement of a source being within a 30 approach Water Resource minute round trip to count as basic. Management Zone • Regional learning and multi-sector coordination The government of Uganda has strengthened Partner Districts institutions, policies and strategies to reach • Bunyangabu • Kabarole the SDG 6 targets. In June 2020, Uganda • Kamwenge launched its third National Development Plan (NDPIII (2020/21 – 2024/25) under the Service Authority National Vision 2040. This aims to achieve and Regional Utility Kampala • Regional Water 100% access to basic water in urban areas by Supply Rural Centre 6 Albert water (Formerly6 TSU6) management zone 2025, with an increasing portion having safely • Service area of the managed services, while also steadily Midwestern Regional Umbrella for Water increasing progress toward both basic and and Sanitation safely managed services in rural areas. It also UGANDA AT A GLANCE aims to increase access to basic sanitation Capital: Kampala from 19% to 40% and handwashing facilities Population: 41.5M (2020 est.) from