In cooperation with the City of Dallas Water Utilities Division Bromide, Chloride, and Sulfate Concentrations, and Specific Conductance, Lake Texoma, Texas and Oklahoma, 2007–08 Data Series 466 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Front and back cover: Lake Texoma near Lake Texoma Dam near Denison, Texas (photograph by Dana A. Blanchette, U.S. Geological Survey). Bromide, Chloride, and Sulfate Concentrations, and Specific Conductance, Lake Texoma, Texas and Oklahoma, 2007–08 By Stanley Baldys III In cooperation with the City of Dallas Water Utilities Division Data Series 466 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Suzette M. Kimball, Acting Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2009 This and other USGS information products are available at http://store.usgs.gov/ U.S. Geological Survey Box 25286, Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 To learn about the USGS and its information products visit http://www.usgs.gov/ 1-888-ASK-USGS Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Baldys, Stanley, III, 2009, Bromide, chloride, and sulfate concentrations, and specific conductance, Lake Texoma, Texas and Oklahoma, 2007–08: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 466, 30 p. iii Contents Abstract ..........................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................1 Purpose and Scope .............................................................................................................................3 Description of Study Area ..................................................................................................................3 Methods ..........................................................................................................................................................3 Description of Sampling Sites ...........................................................................................................4 Sample Collection ................................................................................................................................4 Lake Surveys .........................................................................................................................................4 Laboratory Analytical Methods .........................................................................................................4 Quality Assurance ................................................................................................................................4 Bromide ..........................................................................................................................................................6 Chloride ...........................................................................................................................................................8 Sulfate ...........................................................................................................................................................10 Specific Conductance ................................................................................................................................12 Summary .......................................................................................................................................................15 References Cited .........................................................................................................................................15 Appendix 1. Analytical Results for Bromide, Chloride, and Sulfate Concentrations and for Specific Conductance for all Water-Quality Samples Collected at Lake Texoma in Texas and Oklahoma, 2007–08 ......................................................................................17 Figures 1. Map showing location of sampling sites on Lake Texoma in Texas and Oklahoma, 2007–08 ..........................................................................................................................................2 2. Hydrograph showing daily mean elevation, Lake Texoma in Texas and Oklahoma, April 2007–September 2008 ........................................................................................................5 3. Map showing median bromide concentrations for sampling sites in Lake Texoma in Texas and Oklahoma, 2007–08 ...............................................................................................6 4. Boxplots showing bromide concentrations by sampling site in Lake Texoma in Texas and Oklahoma, 2007–08 ...................................................................................................8 5 Map showing median chloride concentrations for sampling sites in Lake Texoma in Texas and Oklahoma, 2007–08 ...............................................................................................9 6. Boxplots showing chloride concentrations by sampling site in Lake Texoma in Texas and Oklahoma, 2007–08 ...................................................................................................9 7. Map showing median sulfate concentrations for sampling sites in Lake Texoma in Texas and Oklahoma, 2007–08 .................................................................................................11 8. Boxplots showing sulfate concentrations by sampling site in Lake Texoma in Texas and Oklahoma, 2007–08 .................................................................................................11 9. Map showing median specific conductance values for sampling sites in Lake Texoma in Texas and Oklahoma, 2007–08 ..............................................................................13 10. Boxplots showing specific conductance values by sampling site in Lake Texoma in Texas and Oklahoma, 2007–08 .............................................................................................14 iv Tables 1. Description of sampling sites on Lake Texoma in Texas and Oklahoma, 2007–08 ............5 2. Selected statistics for bromide concentrations for sampling sites in Lake Texoma in Texas and Oklahoma, 2007–08 ...............................................................................................7 3. Selected statistics for chloride concentrations for sampling sites in Lake Texoma in Texas and Oklahoma, 2007–08 .............................................................................................10 4. Selected statistics for sulfate concentrations for sampling sites in Lake Texoma in Texas and Oklahoma, 2007–08 .............................................................................................12 5. Selected statistics for specific conductance values for sampling sites in Lake Texoma in Texas and Oklahoma, 2007–08 ..............................................................................14 Conversion Factors, Datums, and Water-Quality Units Inch/Pound to SI Multiply By To obtain Length inch (in.) 2.54 centimeter (cm) foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m) mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km) Area acre 0.4047 hectare (ha) square mile (mi2) 2.590 square kilometer (km2) Flow rate million gallons per day (Mgal/d) 0.04381 cubic meter per second (m3/s) Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) as follows: °F=(1.8×°C)+32 Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (°F) may be converted to degrees Celsius (°C) as follows: °C=(°F-32)/1.8 Datums Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83). Specific conductance is given in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (µS/cm). Concentrations of chemical constituents in water are given in milligrams per liter (mg/L). v Water-Quality Units cfu/100 mL, colony-forming units per 100 milliliters µS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius at 25 °C mg/L, milligrams per liter MPN/100 mL, most-probable number per 100 milliliters psu, practical salinity units Blank Page Bromide, Chloride, and Sulfate Concentrations, and Specific Conductance, Lake Texoma, Texas and Oklahoma, 2007–08 By Stanley Baldys III Abstract with larger specific conductance values in the Red River arm compared to those in the Washita arm. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Dallas Water Utilities Division, collected water-quality data from 11 sites on Lake Texoma, a reservoir on the Texas- Introduction Oklahoma border, during April 2007–September 2008. At 10 of the sites, physical properties (depth, specific conductance, Lake Texoma, a reservoir on the Texas-Oklahoma border pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and alkalinity) were about 5 miles northwest of Denison, Tex. (fig. 1), provides measured and samples were collected for analysis of selected municipal water supply, hydropower, flood control, and recre- dissolved constituents (bromide, calcium, magnesium, potas- ational opportunity. The lake was formed by an impoundment sium, sodium, carbonate, bicarbonate, chloride,