Guide to the David Hadley Rockwell New York Disco Ephemera Collection NMAH.AC.1342 Franklin A. Robinson, Jr. 2016 Archives Center, National Museum of American History P.O. Box 37012 Suite 1100, MRC 601 Washington, D.C. 20013-7012 [email protected] http://americanhistory.si.edu/archives Table of Contents Collection Overview ........................................................................................................ 1 Administrative Information .............................................................................................. 1 Arrangement..................................................................................................................... 3 Biographical / Historical.................................................................................................... 2 Scope and Contents........................................................................................................ 3 Names and Subjects ...................................................................................................... 3 Container Listing ............................................................................................................. 5 Series 1: Venue Advertisments and Invitations, 1983-2004, undated...................... 5 Series 2: Correspondence and Personal, 1988-2000, undated............................. 39 Series 3: Other Advertisements and Ephemera, 1983-2002, undated................... 40 David Hadley Rockwell New York Disco Ephemera Collection, NMAH.AC.1342 Collection Overview Repository: Archives Center, National Museum of American History Title: David Hadley Rockwell New York Disco Ephemera Collection, Identifier: NMAH.AC.1342 Date: 1980-2004, undated Extent: 3.2 Cubic feet (11 boxes, 1 oversize folder) Creator: Rockwell, David Hadley Language: English Summary: An extensive collection of advertisements, club cards, ephemera, and invitations publicizing venues and events at entertainment clubs and venues in New York City, New York, New Jersey, and Florida. The materials make use of a variety of graphic arts styles. Administrative Information Acquisition Information Collection donated by David Hadley Rockwell in 2015. Related Materials Materials in the Archives Center Warshaw Collection of Business Americana (AC0060) Archives Center Collection of Business Americana (AC40404) The Shamrock Bar: Photographs and Interviews (AC0857) John-Manuel Andriote Victory Deferred Collection (AC1128) Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Collection (AC1146) John-Manuel Andriote Hot Stuff: A Brief History of Disco Collection (AC1184) DC Cowboys Dance Company Records (AC1312) Corbett Reynolds Papers (AC1390) Processing Information Processed by Franklin A. Robinson, Jr., archivist, 2015-2016; supervised by Vanessa Broussard Simmons, archivist. Page 1 of 40 David Hadley Rockwell New York Disco Ephemera Collection, NMAH.AC.1342 Preferred Citation David Hadley Rockwell New York Disco Ephemera Collection, 1983-2004, undated, Archives Center, National Museum of American History. Restrictions Collection is open for research. Conditions Governing Use Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions. Biographical / Historical These invitations were collected by the donor, David H. Rockwell. He also was responsible for printing many of them. Rockwell was resident in Manhattan during the time many of these invitations were created. He describes the invitations and his collecting, "Disco invitations are generally printed on heavy paper and can vary in size from 2x3 inches to 8x12 inches to full size posters. They are extremely colorful, and have very artistic graphics. They were often themed (Model's Ball, New Year's Eve, Drag Nights), or invited you to a celebrity's birthday bash. They were very prominent in New York City during the '80s and '90s, and were sent to exclusive mailing lists to announce the day, date, time, place and prices for all the differnt parties and dances held every night at New York's discos: Studio 54, Xenon, Magique, Danceteria, Limelight, The Palladium, Webster Hall, Underground and The Tunnel-over a hunderd clubs in all. The art on the invites was either created by some of Manhattan's most talented graphic artists, or those employed by the clubs. My role was to print 5000 or 10,000 lots of these invites, often five or six lots a day. I thought they were so cool I kept samples of many, were mailed many more (yes, I went to the parties and survived), and collected many others from 'invitation shelves' at Manhattan records shops, video rental stores, etc.". The New York City club scene reached a zenith over the three decades following the 1970s emergence of disco music. The blossoming of what has been termed "club culture" followed the upheavals and advancements of the 1960s, the Civil Rights Movement, the Stonewall Riots, Vietnam War and other cultural touchstones. During the 1980s and 1990s clubs regularly opened and closed as public patronage waxed and waned. On occasions clubs would close and reopen under a new name and/or location. Some clubs were notorious gathering places for the drug culture of the late twentieth century. The emergence of HIV/AIDS and a general decline in dance and music venues as an agent for dating and socializing, in part due to the internet, spelled the demise of many of the venues represented here. Many well-known New York clubs are represented in this collection. Clubs catering to a variety of musical tastes, ethnic and social groups, as well as restaurants and adult oriented clubs used club cards, postcards, mailings, hand-outs and what are generically known as flyers to advertise their particular offerings. The graphic arts used in these various advertisements not only imparted the necessary information about the event or place but reflected the personality of the club. They also provided a venue for a variety of graphic designers to utilize their talents in formats both large and small. This phenomenon was recently explored in the 2015 exhibition, "The Last Party," curated by the author Anthony Haden-Guest at WhiteBox in New York City. Page 2 of 40 David Hadley Rockwell New York Disco Ephemera Collection, NMAH.AC.1342 Scope and Contents The collection is rich in examples of the graphic arts and event advertising in the era before the prevalence of the internet. Marketing tactics, use of urban space, and entertainment offerings may be gleaned from this material. The venues represented catered to homosexual and heterosexual patrons, some being exclusively gay or straight, but many catered to both communities of all ethnic groups. Venues may be represented by one item or many. The collection is organized into three series. Series 1: Venue Advertisements and Invitations, 1983-2004, undated. This series contains advertisements, invitations, and posters for nightclubs, dance clubs, restaurants, and musical and comedy events located in Manhattan and the boroughs of New York City. There is minimal material relating to clubs located in New Jersey and Florida. The nightclubs include large and small venues, mainstream as well as "fringe" clubs, clubs catering predominately to African-American, Latino, gay and lesbian communities, and venues featuring other types of music and entertainment (both adult and mainstream) in addition to disco styles, like jazz, hip-hop, and popular music. Series 2: Correspondence and Personal, 1988-2000, undated. This series contains a small amount of correspondence and personal material for David H. Rockwell, his family, and unidentified others. Within this series are letters, cards, postcards, and business related materials. Series 3: Other Advertisments and Ephemera, 1983-2002, undated. This series contains material related to special themed events, art openings, restaurant events, and a variety of specialized "happenings" as well as private parties and birthdays. There are also advertisements for dance studios, records, stores, and theaters. Arrangement The collection is organized in three series. Series 1: Venue Advertisements and Invitations, 1983-2004, undated Series 2: Correspondence and Personal, 1988-2000, undated Series 3: Other Advertisements and Ephemera, 1983-2002, undated Names and Subject Terms This collection is indexed in the online catalog of the Smithsonian Institution under the following terms: Subjects: Dance music Disco music Music -- 20th century -- United States Nightclubs Types of Materials: Advertisements -- 1980-2010 Page 3 of 40 David Hadley Rockwell New York Disco Ephemera Collection, NMAH.AC.1342 Ephemera -- 20th century Ephemera -- 21st century Invitations -- 1980-2010 Posters -- 1980-2010 Geographic Names: Florida New Jersey New York (N.Y.) -- 20th century New York (N.Y.) -- 21st century Page 4 of 40 Series 1: Venue Advertisments and Invitations David Hadley Rockwell New York Disco Ephemera Collection, NMAH.AC.1342 Container Listing Series 1: Venue Advertisments and Invitations, 1983-2004, undated Box 1, Folder 1 Abby, 1994 November 09 Box 1, Folder 1 ABC NO RIO, undated Box 1, Folder 1 Abilene Cafe, undated Box 1, Folder 1 Abstrakt, undated Box 1, Folder 1 Academy, undated Box 1, Folder 1 Afrika House, 1994 June 11 Box 1, Folder 1 After Hours, undated Box 1, Folder 1 After School, undated Box 1, Folder 1 Ajax, 1990 November 24 Box 1, Folder 1 Alcatraz, undated Box 1, Folder 1 Alchemy,