Country Presentation Nepal The 3rd Regional Forum on Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization Human Resource Development for Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization 9-11 December 2015 Manila, the Philippines Role of Academic and Research Institutions in Human Resource Development for Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization in Nepal Yam Kumar Rai Program Coordinator Department of Agricultural Engineering Purwanchal Campus, Dharan Nepal Outline of Presentation • Background • Agriculture Scenario of Nepal • Brief Introduction of Dept. of Agricultural Engineering • Need of Agricultural Mechanization in Nepal, its Challenges and opportunities • Role of Academic and Research Institutions, challenges and constraints • Role of stakeholders for sustainable agricultural mechanization • Suggestion for regional cooperation • Conclusions Background Total Area= 147,181 sq km ( EW 885 km, NS 193 km ) Altitude = 60 m to 8,848 m Total Populations = 26.5 M Population growth rate per annum = 1.35 % S.N. Region Total Land Area % Cultivated Land Area 1 Mountain 35 2.17 2 Hill 42 11.4 3 Terai 23 12.46 4 Total Area % 100 26.03 Agriculture Scenario of Nepal 7 6000000 Mounta in 6 Hill 5000000 5 Terai 4000000 4 Paddy 3 3000000 Area in in % Area Wheat 2 Maize 2000000 Production Ton) in(M. Production Millet 1 barley 1000000 0 Paddy Wheat Maize Millet barley Mountain 0.42 0.39 0.59 0.38 0.1 0 Hill 2.67 2.02 4.25 1.42 0.18 Terai 6.54 2.95 0.78 0.06 0.01 Area covered by main crops Years Agriculture Scenario of Nepal 4 3500000 3.5 3000000 3 2500000 2.5 2000000 Sugarcane 2 Mountain 1500000 Ton/ha Oil seed Hill Tobacco 1.5 Terai (M. Ton) Production 1000000 Potato 1 500000 0.5 0 0 Paddy Wheat Maize Millet barley 2001/2002 2003/2004 2004/2005 2005/2006 2006/2007 2007/2008 2008/2009 2009/2010 2010/2011 2011/2012 2012/2013 Productivity of main crops 2002/2003 Production of Cash crops (Year) Agriculture Scenario of Nepal 180000 50 160000 45 140000 40 120000 35 100000 30 80000 Area (ha) Area Mountain 25 Mountain 60000 Ton/ha Hill Hill 20 40000 Terai Terai 15 20000 10 0 Sugarca Tobacc Oil seed Potato ne o 5 Mountain 244 3947 20 36739 Hill 909 42701 34 83948 0 Terai 63065 168952 1737 74427 Sugarcane Oil seed Tobacco Potato Area covered by cash crops Productivity of cash crops Dept. of Agricultural Engineering at a glance Tribhuvan University (TU) RTCU Institute of Engineering (IOE) Paschaimanchal Pulchowk Purwanchal Thapathali Campus Campus Campus Campus, Ktm Pokhara Lalitpur Dharan Dept. Dept. Dept. of Dept. Dept. of Dept. Dept. of Agril. of Civil comp. of Ex Mech of Arc. Elec.Engg Engg Engg. Engg Engg Engg Dept. of Agricultural Engineering at a glance • Campus Established :- 1977 (Project started) • Project was completed:-1986 • Low level skill manpower was produced • Since 1992 medium level skill man power was produced • In the year of 2000/2001 Purwanchal Campus lunched undergraduate four years program in Agricultural Engineering • 300 undergraduate Engineers are handover to the nation Dept. of Agricultural Engineering at a glance Courses offering by Dept. of Agricultural Engineering • Farm Machinery and Power Engineering • Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Engineering • Irrigation and Drainage Engineering • Dairy and Food Engineering • Post Harvest Engineering and Technology • Renewable Energy Engineering Dept. of Agricultural Engineering at a glance Other Activities • Research, Innovation and Development • Organize the Training jointly with RTCU • Workshop and Seminar • Agricultural Engineering Technology Exhibition • Journal Publication jointly with Agricultural Engineering Students Society Need of Agricultural Mechanization in Nepal • Agricultural work is drudgeries, time consuming and tedious • Lack of Agricultural worker • Agricultural Occupation is Less Profitable Occupation • Reduction of the Food Deficit Problem of Nepal Mechanization Challenges in Nepal • Diversified topography • Small land holding size (< 0.65 ha) • Lack of infrastructure development • Traditional thinking of farmer • Lack of education • Low investment capacity of farmer • Lack of trained manpower • Lack of local level developer • Lack of spare parts of machineries and maintenance facilities • Lack of coordination between related stakes holders • Lack of commercialization of agriculture • Weak government policy Mechanization Opportunities in Nepal • Design, development and modification of hand tools, animal drawn implements and small size power operated machines in mountain region • Design, development and modification of hand tools, animal drawn implements and power tiller operated implements in hilly region • Design, development and modification of hand tools, animal drawn implements, power tiller operated implements and Tractor drawn implements in terai region • Establishment of small scale industries for machine and implements fabrication • Establishment of repair and maintenance workshop • Establishment of commercialization agriculture system • Establishment of custom hiring business • Establishment of cooperative farming and land consolidation system • Bust up the agri-business Agricultural Mechanization Stakeholders in Nepal • Academic Institutes (IOE; Purwanchal Campus, Department of Agricultural Engineering) • Research Institutes ( NARC, Agricultural Engineering Division) • Directorate of Agricultural Engineering (MoA) • Suppliers, Fabricators, Maintenance shop & custom hiring Service Provider Relation Between Agricultural Mechanization Stakeholders Academic Directorate of Agricultural Engineering (MoA) Suppliers, Fabricators, Maintenance shop & custom hiring Service Provider Role of Stakeholders for Agricultural Mechanization Qualified Manpower Research Production Academic Institutions Dissemination Training Role of Stakeholders for Agricultural Mechanization Testing Research Research Institutions Training Recommendation Role of Stakeholders for Agricultural Mechanization Building the Formulation of Agricultural Agricultural Mechanization Mechanization Act Policy Directorate of Agricultural Engineering (MoA) Provide Technology Mechanization Extension and Guidelines to Other Training Stakeholders Role of Stakeholders for Agricultural Mechanization Farmers Custom hiring Blacksmiths service provider Training Fabricators Maintenance shops Suppliers Suggestion for Regional Cooperation for Agricultural Mechanization in Nepal • Bust up the Capacity of Academic Institutions Providing the Training to the Human Resources • Scholarship to the Faculty Members and Students Should be Provided by Regional Cooperation • Bust up the Capacity of Academic and Research Institutions Providing Laboratory Facilities and Fund • Research exchange program should be established With regional cooperation and Academic and Research institutions of Nepal Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization is not Possible With a Single Stakeholder; Therefore, Mutual Cooperation is Necessary of all the Stakeholders and Regional Cooperators to Solve the Problem Faced in Agricultural Mechanization in Nepal .