1986-1987 Institute of Politics John F.Kennedy School of Government Harvard University PROCEEDINGS Institute of Politics 1986-87 John F. Kennedy School of Government Harvard University I, FOREWORD The year 1986-87 has been a time of transition at the Institute of Politics with the departure of director Jonathan Moore in September 1986, the arrival of new director Dick Thomburgh in June 1987, and the departure of six members of the staff including two of the longest-serving who are on leaves of absence—fellows program coordinator Theresa Donovan and student pro­ gram coordinator Sonia Wallenberg. As we go to press, three slaffmembers—associate direc­ tor Paul G. Bograd, assistant director Mary McTigue and special assistant to the director Wendy M. O'Donnell—prepare to go on to new responsibilities elsewhere. This year has also been an exciting and productive one under the leadership of Mary McTigue who as acting director from September through May conducted the affairs of the Institute with wisdom, grace and efficiency, and with a sensihvity and sense of humor that never failed even on the most trying of days. It has been a pleasure to have worked under her guidance and it is with sadness that we see her depart. We wish her success in her future endeavors. This ninth edition of Proceedings contains the 1986-87 selection of readings excerpted from speeches, articles, panel discussions, books and reports and a complete rosier of 1986-87 pro­ grams and participants. The selected readings provide a sense of the actors encountered and the issues discussed; the programs section identifies both the scope and the personnel of the Institute's yearly undertakings. Participation in the democratic process continues through the variety of educational programs the Institute sponsors—fellowships and study groups, conferences and debates, internships and research projects—and by providing a setting for formal and informal political discourse. Students, politicians, teachers, activists, theorists and policy makers come together to break bread, study and debate public policy issues at informal luncheons and suppers, faculty study groups, training programs and seminars and in the public affairs forum. Institute programming this year included sponsorship of two symposia in early September 1986 during the celebration of the 50th/350th anniversaries of the John F. Kennedy School of Government and Harvard University. Late September saw the culmination of the Institute's efforts under the direction of Jonathan Moore toward the development of a press-politics center at the School with the dedication and opening of the Joan Shorenstein Barone Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy in the School's Belfer Center adjacent to the Institute. On May 8-10, 1987 the Institute sponsored The Lord Harlech Memorial Conference on Ideals and Values in Politics and Public Service and 20th Anniversary Reunion. About 350 colleagues—former and current directors, fellows, senior advisory and student advisory committee members, study group leaders, faculty study group members, congressmen, mayors, staff and friends—came together from near and far for the weekend conference and reunion events. The Institute also sponsored a conference for high school students on community leader­ ship, brought together newly-elected Congressmen for the biannual training program, co-sponsored with the Twentieth Century Fund the Theodore H. White Conference on Presiden­ tial Debates and sponsored its first pre-election conference for campaign managers and strategists in anticipation of the 1988 presidential elections. Forum programming included an appearance of The Capitol Steps, a political drama about the early days of the AIDS epidemic, public addresses and panel discussions on topics relating to Central America, China, the Middle East and the Soviet Union, and economic policy, careers in public service, the nuclear test ban treaty, women in election 1988, foreign aid, and press coverage of the presidency. Special thanks to Mary McTigue for her assistance and guidance in compiling this issue of Proceedings and also to Albert H. (Tad) Cantril, fall 1986 and spring 1987 Institute fellow who during summer 1987, while completing the editing of a book of his father's essays, also provided invaluable advice and assistance on the readings selections. Working with my colleagues at the Institute and on this project has been a privilege and a pleasure—Proceedings 1986-87 is the fifth edition produced under my editorship. A special note of gratitute to all those who have provided assistance and support over the years. Anne Doyle Kenney Editor L DIRECTOR'S MESSAGE Proceedings 1986-87 stands as a testa­ ment to the leadership of Jonathan Moore and to the skilled staff who capably con­ tinued Institute programs during the interim between permanent directors. Taking up my post here in June, I found great enthusiasm for the Institute's pro­ grams among students, fellows and faculty, and that has been a source of inspiration and strength to me as I begin my new duties. I believe strongly in Dean Graham Allison's characterization ten years ago of the Institute's role "as a bridge to the real world of elective politics and a vital link to the undergraduate popu­ lation." I will seek to dedicate the coming year to strengthening these rnro vital roles of the Institute, and I solicit the support and suggestions of all of our friends. My com­ mitment is to provide programs and opportunities that are exciting, educational, and challenging; that bring to the Harvard Community the broad perspective of those who hold or seek public office. After serving eight years as governor of one of the nation's largest and most diverse states, I welcome this opportunity to share my experiences and insights within the academic community. Many of our most innovative programs in Pennsylvania had their seeds on the campuses of our colleges and universities, and I truly believe that not only can politicians learn from the academic commnity, but that the academic community can learn from practical politicians as well. My door is open. Please come in. Lastly, the celebration of the 200th anniversary of OUf country's Constitution pro­ vides us all with a renewed opportunity to dedicate ourselves to greater involve­ ment in the politics of this great nation. The high ideals, the integrity and the hopes of those who assembled in Philadelphia in the summer of 1787 can well inspire the next generation of leaders. In this, we at the Institute of Politics can surely partici­ pate in a most effective way. Dick Thornburgh i I. Readings Readings CONTENTS INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 11 America Was Promises by Shirley Williams and Thomas S. Axworthy 16 Three Myths of Terrorism by Benjamin Netanyahu 20 Escalating Balance of Terror by Neil Kinnock 23 Refugees; A Global Tour by Jonathan Moore 27 Building Socialism with Chinese Character* ST* CS, by Li Miao MEDIA AND POLFTICS 31 Serving Society, Not Government by Benjamin C. Bradlee 34 Playing to the Gallery by Marvin Kalb 38 Faith and Presumption by John Buchanan 41 Justice, Peace, Morality by Wesley G. Pippert CRITICAL ISSUES 45 Whose Care Is Child Care? by Dana Friedman, Christopher Dodd, Jay Belsky, Elinor Guggenheimer, and Nehama Jacobs 51 The AIDS Dilemma by C. Everett Koop and Loretta McLaughlin 58 Women at Work by Barbara Hutchinson, Janet Walker and Joanne Troy 60 Reforming Welfare by Max Rovner POLITICS IN ACTION 64 Thoughts on the GOP by Thomas Kean 67 Local Issues in the Hoosier State by Carolyn B. Mosby 70 Florida Moves Right by Ametta Girardeau 72 The Presidents' Men by John D. Ehrlichman, Richard Cheney, Hamilton Jordan and David R. Gergen REFLECTIONS 76 Original Intent by Lawrence Tribe and Orrin G. Hatch 80 Towers of Commerce by Norman tear 82 Morally Adrift by Marian Wright Edelman 86 A Reunion Welcome by Edward M. Kennedy International Affairs America Was Promises by Shirley Williams and Thomas S. Axworthy In celebration of the joint 50th/350th anniversaries of the John F. Kennedy School of Government and Harvard University, the Institute of Politics sponsored a symposium on "DeTocqueville Revisited: Views of American Politics from Abroad,'' on September 5,1986. Participants included jormthan Moore, Director, Institute of Politics who left the Institute a few days later to take up his post as Ambassador-at-Large and U. S. Coordinator for Refugee Affairs; Stanley Hoffman, C. Douglas Dillon Professor of the Civili­ zation of France and Chair, Center for European Studies. Harvard University; Tommy T. B. Koh, Ambassador to the United States from Singapore; Shirley Williams, Founder and President, Social Democratic Party, Great Britain; Thomas S. Axworthy, Visiting Professor of Canadian Studies, Har­ vard University who is now Vice President, la Fouruiafion CRB, Montreal. Quebec, Canada. Following are the edited remarks delivered by panelists Williams and Axworthy. WILLIAMS: When I first came to the United States, sticking in the back of my head was a very short phrase from the works of poet Archibald MacLeish, "America was promises." My first encounter with the United States, which was in Minnesota during the Second World War, was one which abundantly bore out that description of this great Republic. Indeed I felt, time and again, those words that Wordsworth penned about the French Revolution, "Bliss was it in that dawn to be alive and to be young was very heaven." There is a sense in which even today the United States sees itself as being—and is to some extent—a special place, a happy country, a relatively invulnerable land, compared to the rest of us. You were fortunate enough throughout your history, with the exception of some of the great domestic challenges, to constantly confront challenges from abroad that were well within your compass. Indeed, you could be described as the Fortinbras of international politics, always coming on the stage lit­ tered with corpses in time to take over.