S. HRG.112–809 STORIES FROM THE KITCHEN TABLE: HOW MIDDLE-CLASS FAMILIES ARE STRUGGLING TO MAKE ENDS MEET HEARING OF THE COMMITTEE ON HEALTH, EDUCATION, LABOR, AND PENSIONS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION ON EXAMINING MIDDLE CLASS FAMILIES JUNE 23, 2011 Printed for the use of the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/ U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 82–614 PDF WASHINGTON : 2013 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON HEALTH, EDUCATION, LABOR, AND PENSIONS TOM HARKIN, Iowa, Chairman BARBARA A. MIKULSKI, Maryland MICHAEL B. ENZI, Wyoming JEFF BINGAMAN, New Mexico LAMAR ALEXANDER, Tennessee PATTY MURRAY, Washington RICHARD BURR, North Carolina BERNARD SANDERS (I), Vermont JOHNNY ISAKSON, Georgia ROBERT P. CASEY, JR., Pennsylvania RAND PAUL, Kentucky KAY R. HAGAN, North Carolina ORRIN G. HATCH, Utah JEFF MERKLEY, Oregon JOHN MCCAIN, Arizona AL FRANKEN, Minnesota PAT ROBERTS, Kansas MICHAEL F. BENNET, Colorado LISA MURKOWSKI, Alaska SHELDON WHITEHOUSE, Rhode Island MARK KIRK, Illinois RICHARD BLUMENTHAL, Connecticut PAMELA SMITH, Staff Director LAUREN MCFERRAN, Deputy Staff Director FRANK MACCHIAROLA, Republican Staff Director and Chief Counsel (II) CONTENTS STATEMENTS THURSDAY, JUNE 23, 2011 Page COMMITTEE MEMBERS Harkin, Hon. Tom, Chairman, Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, opening statement ............................................................................... 1 Enzi, Hon. Michael B., a U.S. Senator from the State of Wyoming, opening statement .............................................................................................................. 2 Franken, Hon. Al, a U.S. Senator from the State of Minnesota .......................... 39 Whitehouse, Hon. Sheldon, a U.S. Senator from the State of Rhode Island ...... 41 Blumenthal, Hon. Richard, a U.S. Senator from the State of Connecticut ........ 43 Bennet, Hon. Michael F., a U.S. Senator from the State of Colorado ................. 44 WITNESSES Bernstein, Jared, Senior Fellow, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, Washington, DC ................................................................................................... 10 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 12 Sipprelle, Susan M., Multimedia Journalist, Englewood, NJ .............................. 19 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 20 Greubel, Amanda, Director, Family Resource Center, Central Clinton Commu- nity Schools, DeWitt, IA ...................................................................................... 26 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 30 Clements, Thomas, Founder, Oilfield CNC Machining LLC, Broussard, LA ..... 33 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 34 ADDITIONAL MATERIAL Statements, articles, publications, letters, etc.: Flight Risk, The Washington Post, article ...................................................... 4 Debbie Stocks, Your Benefits Partner, LLC ................................................... 6 Dennis Murray .................................................................................................. 7 Response to questions of Senator Enzi by Jared Bernstein .......................... 55 (III) STORIES FROM THE KITCHEN TABLE: HOW MIDDLE-CLASS FAMILIES ARE STRUGGLING TO MAKE ENDS MEET THURSDAY, JUNE 23, 2011 U.S. SENATE, COMMITTEE ON HEALTH, EDUCATION, LABOR, AND PENSIONS, Washington, DC. The committee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:06 a.m., in Room SD–430, Dirksen Senate Office Building, Hon. Tom Harkin, chair- man of the committee, presiding. Present: Senators Harkin, Franken, Bennet, Whitehouse, Blumenthal, and Enzi. OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR HARKIN The CHAIRMAN. Good morning. The Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions will come to order. This is the second in a series of hearings this committee will be holding to explore the economic State of America’s middle class. Last month, we heard testimony from, among others, former Labor Secretary Bob Reich, who spoke about the long-term economic changes that have left middle-class families squeezed and our econ- omy reeling. Today, we will expand on that topic with testimony from Jared Bernstein, the former chief economist to the Vice President, and by hearing from a diverse group of voices who will bring that story down to the level of America’s kitchen tables. A strong America is built on a strong middle class, which means good jobs, steadily improving wages and benefits, and a healthy and happy retirement. But sadly, over the last 30 years, that strong middle class has been disappearing. In the decades after World War II, our economy grew as our middle class flourished. In those years, rising worker productivity was met with equally rising incomes. We expanded access to high- quality, affordable education. Retirement security was bolstered by a partnership of individual savings, private defined-benefit pension plans, and Social Security. Strong unions provided workers with the ability to negotiate for basic rights on the job like pay raises, workplace safety standards, sick days, overtime pay. All of these combined to make our middle class the driving force of our economy by giving middle-class families the ability to spend their hard-earned rising paychecks without taking on huge debt. This, in turn, stimulated the demand needed to convince busi- nesses to expand. And I might add, when businesses expanded dur- (1) 2 ing that period of time, they expanded here in America, not over- seas. But since the 1970s, that social contract has disappeared. Real family income has barely budged, despite our workforce becoming more productive than ever. Unions have deteriorated, and defined- benefit pensions have all but disappeared. Our manufacturing base has been shipped overseas. Large cor- porations have put returns for their shareholders and higher pay for their executives over their workers’ economic security. Income and wealth inequality today are at levels not seen since imme- diately before the Great Depression. The testimony we will hear today will help shed light on how families across America are coping with these changes. One of our witnesses, Amanda Greubel, a Family Resource Center director from DeWitt, IA, wrote me a very moving letter, inviting me to spend a day with her in her job at the Family Resource Center at their local school district. Well, I wasn’t able to make it to DeWitt. So I thought I would bring her here to Washington instead. In her letter—and I know she will talk about this—she said, ‘‘As parents and public servants, hearing that the Govern- ment wants to cut funding for education and other important programs while giving tax breaks to people who don’t need them sends a strong message that our child does not matter to you.’’ Well, I couldn’t agree with her more and look forward to hearing more about her experiences. But the experiences we will hear about today from all are sadly too common across the country. I just want to note for the record, to build on this hearing and the stories that we will hear, my State staff is embarking this week on a 99-county tour of Iowa to collect more testimony from Iowa’s middle class. I am convinced that we need to do more to help reverse these long-term trends and rebuild our middle class. There is no doubt the economy is in better position than it was before President Obama took office. But the trend toward wealth concentration con- tinues. Simply put, I feel there can be no real economic recovery without the recovery of the middle class. Most Americans don’t expect to be rich or famous, but we do expect a living wage and good American benefits for a hard day’s work. I hope it is time we get back to that basic concept, and I look forward to our discussion. With that, I will yield to Senator Enzi. STATEMENT OF SENATOR ENZI Senator ENZI. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. We are holding this hearing on how American families are strug- gling in this very difficult economy. There is no doubt that many, many people are suffering. Over 14 million Americans are unem- ployed. It is obvious that the economic recovery has stalled. Unfortu- nately, the efforts taken by this Administration to stimulate the 3 economy have not created enough jobs and have put us further in debt. Worse, many of the actions this Administration has taken are ac- tually preventing and slowing job creation and making things worse. I hope my colleagues will agree that an average 9.5 percent unemployment rate since May 2009 is unacceptable. Solving the job crisis should be the top priority of this committee. This is the second hearing on the middle class the HELP Com- mittee has held, and I understand that a third has been scheduled. If the goal is to hear from real middle-class Americans working in the private sector about how to get the economy going, I would sug- gest we do a better job with the witness invitations. At the last hearing, the majority invited an economist, a policy advocate, and a legal counsel for organized labor. The minority was pleased to