University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Faculty and Staff Publications Mathematics Spring 5-2010 Neutrosophic Physics: More Problems, More Solutions Florentin Smarandache University of New Mexico, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/math_fsp Part of the Applied Mathematics Commons, Astrophysics and Astronomy Commons, and the Mathematics Commons Recommended Citation Florentin Smarandache (ed.), Neutrosophic Physics: More Problems, More Solutions. Hanko: North- European Scientific Publishers, 2010 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Mathematics at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty and Staff Publications by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Neutrosophic Physics - Cover - 2.15.10:Layout 1 2/16/10 3:29 PM Page 1 In this concern, neutrosophic logics and neutrosophy in general, Neutrosophic Physics: established by Prof. Smarandache, is one of the promising research Neutrosophic Physics: More Problems, More Solutions (Collected Papers) Editor: Prof. Florentin Smarandache More Problems, More Solutions instruments, which could be successfully applied by a theoretical physicist. Collected Papers Naturally, neutrosophic logics, being a part of modern logics, states that neutralities may be between any physical states, or states of space-time. In particular, this leads, sometimes, to paradoxist situations, when two opposite states are known in physics, while the neutral state between them seems absolutely impossible from a physical viewpoint! Meanwhile, when considering the theoretically possible neutralities in detail, we see that these neutral states indicate new phenomena which were just discovered by the experimentalists in the last decade, or shows a new field for further experimental studies, as for example unmatter which is a state between matter and antimatter. Research papers presented in this collection manifest only a few of many possible applications of neutrosophic logics to theoretical physics. Edited by Prof. Florentin Smarandache D. Rabounski Dept. of Mathematics and Science University of New Mexico, USA North-European Scientific Publishers Hanko, Finland 2010 ISBN: 978-952-67349-0-3 Neutrosophic Physics: More Problems, More Solutions Collection of papers Edited by Prof. Florentin Smarandache Dept. of Mathematics and Science University of New Mexico, USA North-European Scientific Publishers Hanko, Finland 2010 1 North-European Scientific Publishers (NESP) is a publishing house registered with the National Library of Finland, Helsinki. Postal address for correspondence: Köydenpunojankatu 2 D 11, 10940, Hanko, Finland Publisher's identifier: 978-952-67349 On the front cover there is a ‘quantum art’, by Prof. Florentin Smarandache. Edited by Prof. Florentin Smarandache, Dept. of Mathematics and Sciences, University of New Mexico, USA Peer-Reviewers: Dmitri Rabounski and Larissa Borissova (editors of Progress in Physics, an international journal of physics), and Matti Pitkänen Copyright © Authors for their papers, 2010 Copyright © Publication by NESP, 2010 Copyright note: Electronic copying, print copying and distribution of this book for non- commercial, academic or individual use can be made by any user without permission or charge. Any part of this book being cited or used howsoever in other publications must acknowledge this publication. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form whatsoever (including storage in any media) for commercial use without the prior permission of the copyright holder. Requests for permission to reproduce any part of this book for commercial use must be addressed to the Author. The Author retains his rights to use this book as a whole or any part of it in any other publications and in any way he sees fit. This Copyright Agreement shall remain valid even if the Author transfers copyright of the book to another party. A variety of books can be downloaded free from the Digital Library of Science: http://www.gallup.unm.edu/~smarandache/eBooks-otherformats.htm. ISBN: 978-952-67349-0-3 Printed in the USA 2 Neutrosophic Physics: More Problems, More Solutions Collected papers Preface, by Dmitri Rabounski ……………………………………………………………...………..5 General Relativity, Gravitation, and Cosmology…………………………………………6 S-Denying of the Signature Conditions Expands General Relativity’s Space, by Dmitri Rabounski, Florentin Smarandache, Larissa Borissova, Progress in Physics, 13-19, Vol. 3, 2006. ……………..7 Positive, Neutral, and Negative Mass-Charges in General Relativity, by Larissa Borissova and Florentin Smarandache, Progress in Physics, 51-54, Vol. 3, 2006. ………………………………...14 Extension of the Big Bang Theory, by Florentin Smarandache, Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences, 139-140, Vol. 23D, No. 2, 2004. …………………………………………………………18 What Gravity Is. Some Recent Considerations, by Vic Christianto and Florentin Smarandache, Progress in Physics, 63-67, Vol. 3, 2008. …………………………………………………………..20 A Few Remarks on the Length of Day: A Cosmological Perspective, by Vic Christianto, Matti Pitkaneny, and Florentin Smarandache, Progress in Physics, L3-L4, Vol. 1, 2009. …………….….25 Quantum Physics and Statistics …………………………………………………….……27 A Note on Unified Statistics Including Fermi-Dirac, Bose-Einstein, and Tsallis Statistics, and Plausible Extension to Anisotropic Effect, by Vic Christianto and Florentin Smarandache, Progress in Physics, 61-64, Vol. 2, 2007. …………………………………………………………………….28 A New Derivation of Biquaternion Schrödinger Equation and Plausible Implications, by Vic Christianto and Florentin Smarandache, Progress in Physics, 109-111, Vol. 4, 2007. ……………..32 An Introduction to the Neutrosophic Probability Applied in Quantum Physics, by Florentin Smarandache, Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences / Physics, 13-25, Vol. 22D, No. 1, 2003. …..35 Quantum Causality Threshold and Paradoxes, by Florentin Smarandache. ……………………….46 On Some New Ideas in Hadron Physics. Part I, by Florentin Smarandache and Vic Christianto, Progress in Physics, 83-85, Vol. 1, 2010. …………………………………………………………..61 On Some Novel Ideas in Hadron Physics. Part II, by Florentin Smarandache1 and Vic Christianto, Progress in Physics, 28-30, Vol. 2, 2010. …………………………………………………………..64 A Derivation of Maxwell Equations in Quaternion Space, by Vic Chrisitianto1 and Florentin Smarandache, Progress in Physics, 23-27, Vol. 2, 2010. ……………………………………...……68 An Exact Mapping from Navier-Stokes Equation to Schrödinger Equation via Riccati Equation, by 3 A Study of the Schrödinger-Langevin Equation with PT-Symmetric Periodic Potential and its ApplicationVic Christianto to Deuteron and Florentin Cluster, Smarandache, and Relation Progress to the in Self-Organized Physics, 38-39, Criticality Vol. 1, 2008. Phenomena …………...74, by V. Christianto & Florentin Smarandache, Progress in Physics, Vol. 3, 2010. A Study of the Schrödinger-Langevin Equation with PT-Symmetric Periodic Potential and its Application to Deuteron Cluster, and Relation to the Self-Organized Criticality Phenomena, by V. NumericalChristianto &Solutions Florentin Smarandache, Progress in Physics, Vol. 3, 2010. ………………………...76 A Note on Computer Solution of Wireless Energy Transmit via Magnetic Resonance, by Vic ChristiantoNumerical and Solutions Florentin ………………………………………………………………...…….81 Smarandache, Progress in Physics, 81-82, Vol. 1, 2008. NumericalA Note on Solution Computer of Quantum Solution Cosmologicalof Wireless EnergyModel SimulatingTransmit via Boson Magnetic and Fermion Resonance Creation, by , Vicby VicChristianto Christianto and and Florentin Florentin Smarandache, Smarandache, Progress Progress in Physics, in Physics, 81-82, 114-115, Vol. 1, Vol.2008. 2, …………….…82 2009. Numerical Solution of Quantum Cosmological Model Simulating Boson and Fermion Creation, by AcademicVic Christianto Freedom and Florentin Smarandache, Progress in Physics, 114-115, Vol. 2, 2009. ……...…84 Declaraie asupra Libertii Academice (Drepturile Omului în Domeniul tiinific), de Dmitri Rabounski,Academic tradus Freedom din ………………………………………………………………………..86englez de Florentin Smarandache, Progress in Physics, 94-97, Vol. 3, 2007; and in Curierul de Fizic, Horia Hulubei Publ. Hse., Bucharest, Romania, No. 59, 2007. DeclaraĠie asupra LibertăĠii Academice (Drepturile Omului în Domeniul ùtiinĠific), de Dmitri DéclarationRabounski, tradusde la ăLiberté din englez Académiqueă de Florentin (Les Smarandache,Droits de l’Homme Progress dans in lePhysics, Domaine 94-97, Scientifique) Vol. 3, 2007;, par Dmitriand in CurierulRabounski, de Fizictraduită, Horiade l’anglais Hulubei par Publ. Florentin Hse., Bucharest, Smarandache, Romania, edité No. par 59, Stéphanie 2007. ………..87 Robitaille, Progress in Physics, 98-101, Vol. 3, 2007. Déclaration de la Liberté Académique (Les Droits de l’Homme dans le Domaine Scientifique), par Dmitri Rabounski, traduit de l’anglais par Florentin Smarandache, edité par Stéphanie Robitaille, Progress in Physics, 98-101, Vol. 3, 2007. …………………………………………………………91 4 Neutrosophic Physics: More Problems, More Solutions Collected papers Preface When considering the laws of theoretical physics, one of the physicists says that these laws – the actual expressions of the laws of mathematics and logics being applied to physical phenomena – should be limited according to the physical meaning we attribute to the phenomena. In other word, there is an opinion that a theoretical physicist should put some limitations onto mathematics, in order