TRIANGULAR CO-OPERATION IN THE ERA OF THE 2030 AGENDA SHARING EVIDENCE AND STORIES FROM THE FIELD GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP INITIATIVE ON EFFECTIVE TRIANGULAR CO-OPERATION 2 │ Table of contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................ 5 Executive summary ............................................................................................................................... 6 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 10 Chapter 1. Triangular co-operation at a glance ............................................................................... 12 1.1. Triangular co-operation connects all regions and is increasingly multi-stakeholder .................. 16 1.2. Triangular co-operation contributes to all SDGs ........................................................................ 18 1.3. Triangular co-operation provides low-cost, flexible and adapted solutions ............................... 20 Chapter 2. Sharing experiences, good practices and success stories of triangular co-operation in line with the project cycle ............................................................................................................... 21 2.1. Phase 1: Identification – matching demands............................................................................... 25 2.2. Phase 2: Partnership development and negotiation ..................................................................... 26 2.3. Phase 3: Formulation – complementarity and flexibility ............................................................ 30 2.4. Phase 4: Implementation and monitoring ................................................................................... 32 2.5. Phase 5: Project evaluation and follow-up .................................................................................. 34 2.6. Communication, knowledge sharing and feedback loops ........................................................... 38 Chapter 3. Comparative advantages and opportunities of triangular co-operation ..................... 39 3.1. Building ownership and trust ...................................................................................................... 39 3.2. Promoting complementarity and increasing co-ordination in development co-operation .......... 41 3.3. Sharing knowledge and learning jointly ..................................................................................... 42 3.4. Co-creating innovative solutions and flexibility ......................................................................... 44 3.5. Enhancing volume, scope and sustainability .............................................................................. 46 3.6. Contributing to cross-cutting issues of the 2030 Agenda ........................................................... 47 Chapter 4. Challenges and opportunities to strengthen the institutional framework of triangular co-operation ....................................................................................................................... 51 4.1. Institutional set-up of providing development co-operation ....................................................... 52 4.2. Elements for a skill set to engage in trilateral partnerships that contribute to achieving the 2030 Agenda ...................................................................................................................................... 55 4.3. Voluntary reporting on triangular co-operation to grow the evidence base ................................ 57 4.4. Mainstreaming triangular co-operation ....................................................................................... 58 Chapter 5. Working in multi-stakeholder trilateral partnerships .................................................. 62 5.1. Engaging the private sector in triangular co-operation ............................................................... 62 5.2. Working with civil society organisations in triangular co-operation .......................................... 69 5.3. Engaging institutional philanthropy in triangular co-operation .................................................. 71 5.4. Working with academia in triangular co-operation .................................................................... 72 5.5. Decentralised triangular co-operation ......................................................................................... 74 Chapter 6. Good practices of scaling-up triangular co-operation to achieve the 2030 Agenda ... 78 6.1. Scaling-up to other countries, regions or continents ................................................................... 78 6.2. Extending to other levels of governance ..................................................................................... 80 6.3. Scaling-up the partnership over time .......................................................................................... 81 │ 3 6.4. Scaling-up towards alliances that address global challenges ...................................................... 82 6.5. Opportunities and challenges of scaling-up triangular co-operation .......................................... 83 Chapter 7. Implications of BAPA +40 for the GPI’s engagement on effective triangular co- operation............................................................................................................................................... 85 Bibliography......................................................................................................................................... 87 List of contributors .............................................................................................................................. 91 Annex of contributed case stories ...................................................................................................... 93 Tables Table 1.1. Number of triangular co-operation projects by actor ........................................................... 17 Table 1.2. Number of projects by duration ............................................................................................ 20 Table 1.3. Number of projects by budget .............................................................................................. 20 Table 2.1. Case Story: Colombia, Japan and Cambodia ....................................................................... 26 Table 2.2. Case Story: Tunisia, Japan, African Development Bank and several African countries...... 26 Table 2.3. Case Story: PICA, Mozambique, Islamic Development Bank ............................................. 28 Table 2.4. Case Story: Morocco, Djibouti, Islamic Development Bank ............................................... 29 Table 2.5. Case Story: Example of matching complementary skills ..................................................... 30 Table 2.6. Case Story: Enhancing the value chain for exporting agricultural products ........................ 31 Table 2.7. Case Story: Indonesia, Myanmar and Germany trilateral co-operation ............................... 33 Table 2.8. Case Story: Example of evaluating the triangular co-operation between Paraguay, Chile and Spain ....................................................................................................................................... 36 Table 2.9. Case Story: Evalúa – EU-LAC triangular co-operation on evaluation................................. 37 Table 3.1. Case Story: The Forum of African Women Educationalists (FAWE) ................................. 40 Table 3.2. Case Story: ICT Capacity Building Program for Officials of Timor-Leste ......................... 40 Table 3.3. Case Story: Mexico, United Kingdom and Belize ............................................................... 41 Table 3.4. Case Story: Canada, Ghana, Israel ....................................................................................... 42 Table 3.5. Case Story: Afghanistan-Indonesia-Germany co-operate on anti-corruption ...................... 43 Table 3.6. Case Story: Exchanging experiences to advance competitiveness and innovation in the Americas ........................................................................................................................................ 44 Table 3.7. Case Story: Sharing and adapting an innovative solution to enhance financial inclusion ... 45 Table 3.8. Case Story: Co-creating innovative solutions to make Asunción more sustainable ............ 46 Table 3.9. Case Story: Mesoamerica without Hunger ........................................................................... 46 Table 3.10. Case Story: Trade unions leaving no informal workers behind in Niger and Burkina Faso ............................................................................................................................................... 48 Table 3.11. Case Story: Czech Republic sharing innovative ideas with Mongolia in collaboration with the European Commission..................................................................................................... 49 Table 3.12. Case Story: Accelerating clean energy access in Timor-Leste through triangular co- operation with Indonesia, Korea, and UNDOP ............................................................................. 50 Table 4.1. Case Story: Support Fund for Triangular Co-operation projects of Morocco and Belgium in other African countries .............................................................................................................