TurkJBot 28(2004)185-191 ©TÜB‹TAK SomeMorphologicalandAnatomicalInvestigationsonAutumn SpeciesofCrocus L.Occurringinfianl›urfa HasanAKAN,‹smailEKER HarranUniversity,Art&ScienceFaculty,BiologyDepartment,fianl›urfa-TURKEY Received:22.08.2002 Accepted:24.03.2003 Abstract: Somemorphologicalandanatomicalcharacteristicsof Crocuspallasii Goldb.subsp. turcicus B.Mathewand Crocus cancellatus Herbertsubsp.damascenus (Herbert)B.Mathew,whichflowerinautumn,wereinvestigated. Detaileddescriptionsofthesetwotaxaof Crocus L.,whichoccurinfianl›urfa,areprovidedandtheirmorphologicalcharactersare comparedwiththosegivenintheFloraofTurkey. Thespecimenswerecollectedfromdifferentpartsoffianl›urfawithinC7ofthegridsystem;theirhabitatandpopulationstatu s werealsodetermined.Theiranatomicalstructureareillustrated. KeyWords: Crocus,fianl›urfa,Turkey. fianl›urfa’daYay›l›flGösterenSonbaharÇi¤demleri( Crocus L.)Üzerinde MorfolojikveAnatomikBirAraflt›rma Özet: Buçal›flmada;fianl›urfa’dayay›l›flgösterenvesonbahardaçiçeklenenCrocus pallasii Goldb.subsp.turcicus B.MathewveCrocus cancellatus Herbertsubsp.damascenus (Herbert)B.Mathewtaksonlar›n›nmorfolojikveanatomiközellikleriincelenmifltir. Butaksonlar›ndetayl›deskripsiyonlar›verilmiflolup,incelenenmorfolojikkarakterlerTürkiyeFloras›ilekarfl›laflt›r›lm›flt›r . fianl›urfa;GridsisteminegöreC7karesindeyeralmaktaolupbitkiörnekleriçal›flmaalan›n›nfarkl›lokalitelerindentoplanm›fl t›r. Habitatlar›vepopulasyondurumlar›dagözlemlenmifltir.Ayr›ca,taksonlar›nanatomikyap›lar›resimlendirilmifltir. AnahtarSözcükler: Crocus,fianl›urfa,Türkiye Introduction turcicus B.MathewandCrocuscancellatus Herbertsubsp. Iridaceae isrepresentedbysixgenerainthe“Floraof damascenus (Herbert)B.Mathew,bothautumn-flowering Turkey”: Iris L., Hermodactylus Mill., Gynandriris Parl., taxaoccurringinfianl›urfa.ThreetaxaofCrocus occurin Crocus L., Romulea Maratti and Gladiolus L. (Davis, fianl›urfa,twoofthemfloweringinautumnandonein 1984). earlyspring,Crocusleichtlinii (D.Dewar)Bowles. Crocus isdistributedmainlyintheMediterranean fianl›urfaisinthecentreoftheSouth-easternAnatolia regionandincludes80speciesworldwide.Thereare63 Project(GAP)andnaturalhabitatshavebeendestroyed taxa(includingsubsp.andvar.)of Crocus inTurkey. bytheconstructionofdamsandtunnelsfortheirrigation Thirty-oneoftheseareendemicsforTurkey(Davis, ofplains.Therefore,thebiologicaldiversity,especially 1984;Davisetal.,1988;Güneretal.,2000). thatofendemicplants,hasbeenaffectedbythisproject. Aftertheconstructionofdams,thepopulationsofthe Thisresearchwascarriedouttodeterminethe rarerplantsshouldbeexaminedscientificallyandnew morphologicalandanatomicalcharacteristicsofsome reportspreparedfortheconservationofplantspecies. taxaof Crocus,namely Crocus pallasii Goldb.subsp. 185 SomeMorphologicalandAnatomicalInvestigationsonAutumnSpeciesof Crocus L.Occurringinfianl›urfa InTurkey,thegenusCrocus has63taxa,fiveofwhich 1.Stylemorethan3-branchedorwithsubdivided occurinSouth-easternAnatolia.Amongthese, Crocus branches,usuallyyellowororange,thetunicofcorm biflorus Millersubsp. pseudonubigena B.Mathewand C. withthickreticulatefibres, .......... C.cancellatus leichtlinii areendemicsandknownonlyfromthe 1.Styleclearly3-branched,branchesundivided, neighbourhoodofthetypelocalities(Mathew,1984, usuallydeepred,thetunicfibresofcormfiliform, ... 1988,2000). ................................ C.pallasii Closetoourresearcharea,achorologicalstudyof MorphologicalCharacteristics geophytesof Iridaceae intheDiyarbak›rregionand Karacada¤mountainwascarriedoutbyMalyer(1982). 1.Crocuscancellatus HerbertinBot.Mag.67:sub Theotherstudiesrelatedto Crocus indifferentpartsof t.3864(1841). TurkeywerecarriedoutbyPasche(1994),Kerndorff& subsp.damascenus (Herbert)B.Mathew,TheCrocus Pasche(1994,1996,1997)andMathew(1984,1988, 68(1982). 1995). Syn.C.damascenus Herbert inBot.Reg.31:37,f.1, Inthepresentstudy,detaileddescriptionsofthe Misc.1(1845); C.dianthus C.Koch inLinnaea21:634 morphologicalandanatomicalcharacteristicsof Crocus (1848) pallasii subsp. turcicus and Crocus cancellatus subsp. Plants10-25cmtall.Corm0.9-3x0.8-2.5cm;corm damascenus aregiven,withobservationsoftheir tunicreticulateandrobust,coarselynettedfibres,tunic populations. withringsatbase.Leaves2-10,hysteranthousorrarely withtipsjustvisible,2-3mmbroad,greenish.Bracteole MaterialsandMethods present,subequaltoormuchsmallerthanbract.Perianth Specimensweregatheredinautumnfromdifferent tube5-9cmlong;throatofperianthusuallypaleyellow, partsoffianl›urfa,whichislocatedintheC7square.A glabrous.Scape1.5-5cmlong,1-flowered;segments collector’snumberwasgivenandthespecimenswere 2.4-4.8x0.7-1cm,bluntlyacuminate,lilac-blueorlilac- driedaccordingtostandardherbariummethods.The white,veined.Stamens3,filaments2-7mm,paleyellow specimensarekeptintheherbariumofHarran orwhite,glabrous,anthers12-21mm,yellow.Pistil University,fianl›urfa.TheFloraofTurkeyandtheEast orange,rarelyyellow,1.6-3cmlong;styledividinginto AegeanIslands(Davis,1984)wasusedtoidentifythem. severalslenderbranches,stylelongerthanstamensor sometimesequal.Fruitcapsule,cylindric,15-26mmlong, Foranatomicalanalysis,specimenscollectedfromthe abovegroundlevel.Seedsnumerous,brownish,3mm fieldwerepreservedinlabelledbottlesin70%alcohol. long. Someofthesampleswereselectedandcross-sections weretakenfromthestem(scape)andleavesby Fl.:Sept.-Oct. microtomeandtheparaffinmethodwasused;permanent Habitat:Rockyslopes,forestclearings,rockysteppe, preparationsweremadeusingEntellan(Algan,1981; macchie,50-2400m. ‹nce,1989).TheirphotographsweretakenwithaZeiss- Vernacularname:Çi¤dem,çiydem,pivog. GermanyAxioplanUniversalmicroscope.Theanatomical structureofthestemandleavesofthesetaxaare Phytogeographicregion:Irano-Turanianelement. describedforthefirsttimeinthispaper,butsomestudies Distributionintheworldofthespecies:Greece,N. havebeencarriedoutbyKandemiretal.(2000), Iraq,E.Iran,Yugoslavia,W.Syria,Turkey. Kandemir&Engin(1998),Çoflkunçelebi&Beyazo¤lu DistributioninTurkeyofthesubspecies:Sivas, (1999),Uysal(1992),Küçüker(1990)andKoca(1996) Kahramanmarafl,Malatya,Bitlis,Mufl,Van,Konya, ondifferentgenerabelongingto Iridaceae andLiliaceae. Gaziantep,Adana,Hatay,fianl›urfa,Diyarbak›r,Hakkari. Findings Type:[Syria]exmontibusaridiscalcareisprope Inourresearcharea,therearetwospeciesof Crocus Damascum,Vice-ConsuletDamascus[T.S.Jago] floweringinautumn.Thetwospeciescanbe distinguishedbythefollowingkey. 186 H.AKAN,‹.EKER Examinedspecimens: AnatomicalCharacteristics C7fianl›urfa:NWoffianl›urfa,DirekliHills,E&N 1.Crocuscancellatus subsp.damascenus slope,aroundHuzurevi,rockysteppe,600-800m, Stem(Scape) (Figure1). 20.x.2001,‹.Eker 5. Cross-sectionsfromthestemofthistaxonshowthat C7fianl›urfa:Noffianl›urfa,Kaflmermountain,N thecuticleistheouterlayer.Theepidermisisunderthe slopes,districtofUyuzp›narvillage,rockyslopes,600- cuticleandhasisodiametriccells.Theepidermisis 850m,15.xi.2001,Akan&‹.Eker 9. withouthairs.Parenchymacellsareovalorhexagonaland 2.Crocuspallasii Goldb.InMem.Soc.Not.Mosc. areundertheepidermis.Vascularbundlesarenumerous 5:157(1817). andscattered.Thexylemmembersaremorevisible.In thecentre,thereisapithwhichconsistsofparenchymatic subsp.turcicus B.MathewinPl.Syst.Evol.128:98 cells. (1977). Leaf (Figure2) Plants10-22cmtall.Corm0.7-2x1-2.4cm;tunic fibrous,withringsatbase.Leaves4-22,hysteranthous Inthecross-sectionoftheleaves,thecuticleisonthe butvisibleatlateflowering,0.5-1.5mmbroad,narrowly outerlayeranditwasdeterminedthattheupperand linear,greenish.Bracteolepresent,muchsmallerthan lowerepidermislayersaresimilar.Epidermiscellsare isodiametricandareoval.Itwasfoundthatthepalisade bract.Scape1.5-7cmlong,1-flowered.Perianthtube5- parenchymaticcellsarearrangedincolumnsandmadeup 12cmlong;throatofperianthusuallylilacorpaleyellow, of4-5layers,withchloroplastsinabundance.Thereare glabrous;segments2.4-4.8x0.6-1cm,acuteor spongyparenchymaticcells,in3-4layers,underthe acuminate,rarelyobtuse,obovateoroblanceolate,lilac- parenchymaticcells.Amongtheparenchymaticcells, paleblue.filaments5-6mm,paleyelloworwhite, therearelargeandrarelysmallvascularbundles;bothon glabrous,anthers1-2cm,yellow.Pistildividinginto3 theupperandlowersideofleaves,thereareamaryllis- redbranches,0.8-1cmlong;styleshorterthanstamens. typestomata. Fruitcapsule,cylindric,atgroundlevel.Seedsnumerous, 3-4mmlong. 2.Crocuspallasii subsp.turcicus Fl.:Sept.-Nov. Stem(Scape) (Figure3). Habitat:Rockyslopes,forestclearings,inshrubs, Cross-sectionsfromthestemofthistaxonshowthat rockysteppe,70-2000m. thecuticleisontheouterlayer.Theepidermisisunder thecuticleandhasisodiametriccells.Theepidermisis Vernacularname:Çi¤dem,çiydem,pivog. withouthairs.Parenchymacellsareovaltohexagonaland Phytogeographicregion:Irano-Turanian. areundertheepidermis.Vascularbundlesarenumerous andmorescattered.Thexylemmembersaremore Distributionintheworld:NEIraq,Syria,Lebanon visible.Inthecentre,thereisapithwhichconsistsof Turkey. parenchymaticcells. DistributioninTurkey:Elaz›¤,Gaziantep,Mardin, Leaf(Figure4) fianl›urfa,Diyarbak›r. Inthecross-sectionoftheleaves,thecuticleisthe Type:TurkeyC6Gaziantep:UrfatoGazianteproad, outerlayeranditwasdeterminedthattheupperand 22kmfromGaziantep,800m,3xi1973,T.Baytop& lowerepidermislayersaresimilar.Epidermiscellsare Mathew(ISTE27025)(holo.K,iso.ISTE). isodiametricandoval.Itwasfoundthatthepalisade Examinedspecimens parenchymaticcellsarearrangedincolumnsandmadeup C7fianl›urfa:NWoffianl›urfa,DirekliHills,Eslope, of4-5layerswithchloroplastsinabundance.Thereare aroundHuzurevi,rockysteppe,600-800m,20.x.2001, spongyparenchamaticcells,in3-4layers,underthe ‹.Eker 1. parenchymaticcells.Amongtheparenchymaticcells, therearelargeandrarelysmallandscatteredvascular C7fianl›urfa:Noffianl›urfa,Kaflmermountain,N