Profile on Environmental and Social Considerations in Iraq September 2011 Japan International Cooperation Agency （JICA) CRE CR(5) 11-012 Table of Contents Chapter1 General Condition of Iraq ................................................................................................ 1-1 1.1 General Condition of the Republic of Iraq ...................................................................... 1-1 1.1.1 Location and Topography ....................................................................................... 1-1 1.1.2 Climate ...................................................................................................................... 1-3 1.1.3 Hydrology ................................................................................................................. 1-5 1.1.4 Political Structure, Legal Framework, Administrative Organization ........................ 1-5 1.2 Regulations and Policies on the Environmental and Social Considerations ................... 1-6 1.3 Administrative Organizations related to the Environmental and Social Considerations . 1-7 1.4 Ratification on International Treaties .............................................................................. 1-9 1.5 Trend of NGO ............................................................................................................... 1-10 1.6 Trend of Donors ............................................................................................................ 1-10 1.7 The current situation of local resource persons ............................................................. 1-11 Chapter2 Natural Condition ............................................................................................................ 2-1 2.1 General Condition ........................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Flora and Fauna ............................................................................................................... 2-1 2.3 Important Ecosystem and Habitat ................................................................................... 2-5 2.4 Forest ............................................................................................................................... 2-8 2.5 Analysis of Gaps between Current Relevant Regulations in Iraq and JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations (April, 2010) as well as Safeguard Polices in the World Bank 2-9 Chapter3 Pollution Control ............................................................................................................. 3-1 3.1 General Condition ........................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Current Condition of Air Pollution and Approaches to the Problems ............................. 3-1 3.3 Current Condition of Water Pollution and Approaches to the Problems ......................... 3-5 3.4 Current Condition of Waste and Approaches to the Problems ...................................... 3-10 3.5 Current Condition of Waste and Approaches to the Problems ...................................... 3-11 3.6 Current Condition of Other Pollutions and Approaches to the Problems ...................... 3-12 Chapter4 Social Environment ......................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1 General Condition ........................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.1 General Conditions ................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.2 Religions ................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.3 Culture ...................................................................................................................... 4-2 4.2 Major Social Problems .................................................................................................... 4-2 4.2.1 Proverty ..................................................................................................................... 4-2 4.2.2 Gender・Child Labour ............................................................................................. 4-4 4.2.3 Trend concerning Protection of Rights on Socially Vulnerable Groups and Approaches to Such Problems .................................................................................................. 4-5 4.2.4 Trend on Conderations for Labor’s Right ................................................................. 4-5 i 4.3 Cultural Heritage ............................................................................................................. 4-6 4.3.1 Major cultural heritage .............................................................................................. 4-6 4.3.2 Relevant Regulations and Relevant Government Agency ........................................ 4-7 4.3.3 Cultural Heritage Conservation Policy and Isses ...................................................... 4-9 4.3.4 International Agreements regarding Cultural Heritages ............................................ 4-9 4.3.5 Other Effort ............................................................................................................. 4-10 4.4 Analysis of Gaps between Current Relevant Regulations in Iraq and JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations (April, 2010) as well as Safeguard Polices in the World Bank 4-10 Chapter5 Climate Change ............................................................................................................... 5-1 5.1 Impact of Climate Change .............................................................................................. 5-1 5.2 Relavant laws .................................................................................................................. 5-1 5.3 Approach to Climate Change .......................................................................................... 5-1 5.3.1 Mitigation .................................................................................................................. 5-2 5.3.2 Adoptation ................................................................................................................. 5-2 Chapter6 Regulations and Procedures for Environmental and Social Considerations .................... 6-1 6.1 Relavant regulations ........................................................................................................ 6-1 6.2 Procedure of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) .............................................. 6-1 6.3 Implementation of EIA and Procedure of Environmental Permissions ........................... 6-2 6.3.1 Projects needs to be assessed .................................................................................... 6-2 6.3.2 Procedure to conduct EIA ......................................................................................... 6-4 6.3.3 Study Items to be included into EIA ......................................................................... 6-5 6.3.4 Procedure for issuance of environmental permit ....................................................... 6-6 6.3.5 Procedure and Actual Situation of Information Disclosure and Public Consultation/Participation ......................................................................................................... 6-6 6.3.6 Information disclosure of EIA and Environmental Compliance Certificates ............ 6-6 6.3.7 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) ................................................................. 6-6 6.4 Monitoring ...................................................................................................................... 6-6 6.4.1 Regulations and Procedures for Monitoring ............................................................. 6-6 6.4.2 Information Disclosure ............................................................................................. 6-7 6.4.3 Treatment Method and Procedure of Problems if they were confirmed ................... 6-7 6.5 Other Problems ............................................................................................................... 6-7 6.6 Analysis of Gaps between Current Relevant Regulations in the Iraq and JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations (April, 2010) as well as Safeguard Polices in the World Bank ................................................................................................................................... 6-7 Chapter7 Relevant Regulations and Procedure of Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement 7-1 7.1 Relevant Regulations ...................................................................................................... 7-1 7.2 Procedure of Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement ........................................ 7-1 7.3 Displaced Peoples ........................................................................................................... 7-2 ii 7.3.1 History of Displaced People ..................................................................................... 7-2 7.3.2 Actions for Displacement Issue ................................................................................ 7-3 7.3.3 Actions by Other Donor ............................................................................................ 7-3 Chapter8 Legal Framework and Procedure concerning Considerations of Indigenous