Contents Craig Dickson Craig The Atlantis II A-frame lifts Alvin from the water following a dive off Mexico. Cover Photo: Foam from a passing wave frames a rosette water sampler and conductivity/temperature/depth instrument being recovered aboard R/V Knorr in the Antarctic in January 1994. Line handlers (back cover), top to bottom of photo, are Mike McCartney, Jason McKay, Marshall Swartz and Tom Whitworth (Texas A&M University). Photo by Craig Dickson Director’s Comments ....................................................... 2 Coastal Research Center .......................................... 24 Regular Support Staff ................................................... 39 Applied Ocean Physics & Engineering ...... 4 Center for Marine Exploration .......................... 25 1994 Degree Recipients ............................................ 42 Biology ............................................................................................. 7 Sea Grant Program .......................................................... 26 Fellows, Students, & Visitors ................................. 43 Geology & Geophysics ............................................... 11 Dean’s Comments ............................................................ 27 Trustees & Corporation Members ................. 46 Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry ............. 15 Ashore & Afloat ................................................................... 30 Voyage Statistics ................................................................. 49 Physical Oceanography ............................................ 19 Director’s Council ............................................................ 36 Publications ............................................................................ 51 Marine Policy Center .................................................... 23 Scientific & Technical Staff .................................... 37 Financial Statements .................................................... 64 1994 Annual Report Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, MA 02543 • (508) 457-2000 Editor: Vicky Cullen • Designer: Jim Canavan Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution is an Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action Institution 1 Printed on Recycled Paper 1994 Annual Report Director’s Comments Looking back on my first year as Director, I must say there has been quite a share of challenges and accomplish- ments. Changes on both national and international levels require a more competitive and innovative Institution stance as we continue to build upon our strengths in basic ocean science research and education. With Jim Luyten’s new appointment as Associate Director for Research, the Institution, and, in particular, the science departments and centers, are well served not only by Jim’s vigorous and accom- plished scientific background, but also by his seasoned understanding of the Institution and its culture. Inc. Marine, Halter Courtesy of The year 1994 brought other new names and shapes: The keel laying of Bob Gagosian, immediately to the right of and other Japanese institutions. During the new AGOR 25 was accompanied by the sign, and Joe Coburn, fourth from a multi-phased expedition to the Mid- its official naming as Atlantis, continuing right, joined US Navy and Halter Marine Atlantic Ridge, many technologies were officials to celebrate the keel laying for the a WHOI tradition of seagoing excellence brought together to carry out controlled new Atlantis in Moss Point, Mississippi. that dates to our founding; Oceanus experiments on areas of the ocean floor returned from a mid-life refit that offers never before accessible. During this increased laboratory space and scien- project, Woods Hole was the occasion tific berthing, and the recently stretched for the visit of JAMSTEC’s R/V Yokosuka Bob Gagosian chats with Japan Marine Sci- Knorr and its 6,500-meter submersible Shinkai left in superb condition on a ence and Technology Center President Mitsusu remarkable 43,000-mile expedition to Ishizuka during the festivities surrounding 6500, an Institution event enjoyed by the the Indian Ocean. In addition, Atlantis II the July visit of the Japanese submersible more than 1,200 staff and family continues to maintain a Herculean Shinkai 6500 and its tender Yokosuka. members who came to tour the ship schedule with the and meet our international colleagues. submersible Alvin. This was a milestone in our relationship The US Navy in- with Japanese scientists, and it serves as creased Alvin’s a foundation for future collaboration. operating depth Over $10 million was raised in 1994, certification from bringing to $34 million the total secured 4,000 to 4,500 meters or committed toward the $50 million in 1994, allowing the Capital Campaign goal. The dedication submersible to and commitment of our Trustees and investigate 86 percent Corporation Members have really made of the world ocean a difference. Because of this success, we floor—25 percent were pleased to announce that the more than was Institution would, for the first time ever, previously accessible be able to provide some endowed to Alvin. salary support to Assistant Scientists in An international their second and third years, beginning research highlight of in 1995. Although the start is small (one 1994 was a very month’s support) it clearly marks a productive coopera- different way of doing research at WHOI tive project with the and is a major step toward a permanent Japan Marine Science underpinning for scientific innovation and Technology and flexibility. This is what the cam- Center (JAMSTEC), paign is primarily about: providing Tom Kleindinst Tom 2 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Director’s Comments Tom Kleindinst Tom More than 1,200 WHOI people visited R/V Yokosuka during the ship’s July visit to Woods Hole. resources to our researchers so that they Developing a trusting and respectful and strength as well as unique individu- can devote more time to creativity and relationship with the new leaders will alism. All will be called upon more and innovative ideas. We continue working require careful planning; it is our biggest more as we optimize the challenges and very hard to complete or exceed the task for the year ahead. We must opportunities ahead and progress, with campaign goal in the next two years, formulate a Washington, DC, strategy as clear vision, towards our goals. securing the kind of support that is well as guidelines for internal decisions Robert B. Gagosian critical for the continuing excellence of aimed toward continuing excellence in Director the Institution. a cost-competitive manner. We must Changes in the National Science develop an Institution goal-setting Foundation (NSF) and the Office of process that includes, perhaps for the Naval Research (ONR), our two major first time in recent history, specific federal research sponsors, are directly implementation plans related to the urgency of raising private to ensure that the funds for the advancement of ocean goals are met. This science research. With increased will be a complex national proposal competition, the exercise, one which demand for cost competitiveness, and will involve new roles federal emphasis on “vertical integra- for scientific staff, tion” at ONR and “relevance” at NSF, we senior management, must ensure that we are knowledgeable and others so that an about the needs of the country and integrated and articulate about how our research formidable presence applies to those needs. As Director, I in both the scientific will continue to conduct straightforward and political arenas dialogue with federal agency leaders to can be secured for ensure that our research and scientific the future. resources are well known and stay With the benefit of highly placed in the national agenda’s 1994’s challenges and priority list. accomplishments, we In addition to altered climates at NSF at the Woods Hole and ONR, the new Congress’s commit- Oceanographic tee overhauls and the Contract with Institution look America’s initial recommendations also forward to opportu- present changes and challenges. It is nity and change that imperative that we effectively communi- will enhance our cate the value and importance of ocean mission and establish science to the country and the world. our firm footing in Only through dialogue with the new national and inter- leaders can we hope to ensure that national agendas. Kleindinst Tom useful information gets to policy makers This Institution has A cheering crowd welcomes R/V Knorr home from a summer and influences their decisions. tremendous vitality research voyage. 3 1994 Annual Report Applied Ocean Physics & Engineering Ken Prada displays the “PC in a Can,” which brings the computer power of a desktop computer to a variety of oceanographic instruments. Tom Kleindinst Tom “PC in a Can” Supports The Applied Ocean Physics and Design and Engineering Award for their Extensive Computing Engineering (AOP&E) Department, with work on ABE. W. Kenneth Stewart 145 staff members and 36 graduate received a Certificate of Recognition as In Ocean Instruments students, had a very productive year in part of the Computerworld Smithsonian Modern scientific needs require ever 1994. Forty-two principal investigators Awards for his contributions to real-time more capable tools for gathering led 130 basic and applied research visualization of oceanographic data. information. Most oceanographic projects in ocean acoustics, coastal and Robert Ballard received honorary degrees ocean fluid dynamics, ocean systems