Index Page numbers in bold indicate main discussions. This index has not been updated to reflect any new entries or changes that result from the incorporation of the first addendum into the fourth edition of the Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. Acanthamoeba 119, 120, 123, 269–270 Acute reference doses (ARfDs) 197 Acceptability 7–8, 219–230 Additives 26, 182–185 biologically derived contaminants 221– Adenoviruses 119, 258–260, 305, 306 222 Adequacy of supply, surveillance 83–86 chemical contaminants 156, 222–230 ADI see Acceptable daily intake in emergencies and disasters 101, 199 Advanced oxidation processes 492–493 guideline values for chemicals affecting Aeration 489 167 radon removal 217 setting standards 28 Aeromonas 107, 120, 121, 234–235, 298 Acceptable daily intake (ADI) 161 Aerosols 120 allocation to drinking-water 163–164, Aesthetic acceptability see Acceptability 195–196, 197 Affordability 83, 85–86 derivation of guideline values 164 Aggressivity index, cement 501 uncertainty factors 162–163 Agricultural activities, chemicals from 158, Access to water (accessibility) 83, 85 179–182 definition of reasonable 85 analysis 481–482 equitability 101 guideline values 183–184 policies 33 treatment performance 497–499 Acids, household water treatment 142 AIDS 120, 280 Acinetobacter 107, 120, 121, 232–234, 298 Air, radon in 215–216 Acrylamide 307–308 Air stripping 489 analysis 483 Aircraft 109–112 guideline value 188, 308, 472 Airports 109–112 Actinomycetes 221 Alachlor 308–309 Activated alumina 493 analysis 481 Activated carbon guideline value 183, 309, 472 adsorption 490–491 treatment performance 497 granular (GAC) 176, 490–491 Aldicarb 309–310 powdered (PAC) 490–491 analysis 481 518 INDEX guideline value 183, 309, 472 treatment performance 497 Aldrin 310–311 analysis 481 guideline value 183, 310, 472 treatment performance 497 Algae 221 Alkalinity 518a INDEX corrosion and 175, 501, 502, 503 Appearance 7–8, 219–230 see also pH biologically derived contaminants Alkyl benzenes 226, 409 221–222 Alkyl naphthalenes 409 chemical contaminants 222–230 Alpha radiation activity treatments for improving 230 measurement 213, 214 see also Colour; Turbidity screening levels 208, 209 Aquifers see Groundwaters Alumina, activated 493 Argyria 415 Aluminium 311–313, 469 Arsenic 315–318 acceptability 222–223, 311 analysis 318, 479 coagulants 489 guideline value 178, 315, 317–318, 472 dialysis water 107 household treatment 176 optimal values 186, 311, 312, 313 priority 29 Alzheimer disease (AD) 311–312 treatment performance 494 Americium-241 211, 215 Asbestos 187, 318, 469 Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) 182, Asbestos–cement pipes 493 374, 470 Ascaris 120, 290 Amitraz 181, 468 Asellus aquaticus 222 Ammonia 173, 182, 313, 469 Aspergillus 107 taste and odour 223 Astroviruses 119, 260–261, 305 treatment to remove 230 Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) Amoebae 57 476–477 Legionella ingestion 244 Atomic emission spectrometry (AES) 477 routes of transmission 120 Atrazine 319–320 see also Acanthamoeba; Entamoeba analysis 481 histolytica; Naegleria fowleri guideline value 183, 319, 472 Amoebiasis 276 treatment performance 497 Amoebic encephalitis, granulomatous 269, Audit 270 approach to surveillance 78–79 Amoebic meningoencephalitis, primary water safety plans 69, 78, 87 (PAM) 282 AMPA 182, 374, 470 Bacillus 235–236 Anabaena spp. 293, 344 Bacillus cereus 235 Analytical achievability 479–484 Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) 191, Analytical methods 193, 434–435, 469 chemicals 168–170, 476–478 Backflow 105 radionuclides 213–214 prevention 99 Ancylostoma (duodenale) 120, 289, 290 Bacteria Animals pathogenic 119, 121, 232–258 in drinking-water 221–222 reference pathogens 127 rainwater collection systems 58–59 treatment efficacy 139–140, 145–146 toxicological studies 159 Bacteriophages 148, 301–305 Anion exchange 176 Bacteroides fragilis phages 148, 303–305 Anthracite–sand filters 487–488 Balantidium coli (balantidiasis) 120, 121, Anthrax 236 270–271 Antimony 314–315 Bank filtration 488–489 analysis 479 Barium 320–321 guideline value 188, 314, 472 analysis 479 Aphanizomenon spp. 293 guideline value 178, 320, 472 Aphelenchus 289 BDCM see Bromodichloromethane 518a 519 GUIDELINES FOR DRINKING-WATER QUALITY INDEX Becquerel (Bq) 205 strategies for reducing 173 Benchmark dose (BMD) 161–162 in water treatment products 189, 324 lower confidence limit (BMDL) 160, Bromide 177, 325–326, 469 161–162 Brominated acetic acids 326 uncertainty factors 162 Bromine 487 Bentazone 182, 321–322, 469 Bromochloroacetate 186, 326, 469 Benzene 322 Bromochloroacetonitrile 186, 375–376, 469 analysis 480 Bromodichloromethane (BDCM) 427–430 guideline value 180, 322, 472 analysis 482 treatment performance 495 guideline value 187, 427, 472 Benzo[a]pyrene 411, 412 Bromoform 427–430 analysis 483 analysis 482 guideline value 188, 411, 472 guideline value 187, 427, 472 Beryllium 179, 322–323, 469 Buildings Beta radiation activity large 104–107, 245 due to potassium-40 209–210, 213 plumbing systems 16–17 measurement 213, 214 Bulk water supply 97–98 screening levels 208, 209 Burkholderia pseudomallei 119, 236–237 β2-microglobulin, urinary 327–328 Bilharzia see Schistosomiasis Cadmium 327–328 Biofilms 57 analysis 479 atypical mycobacteria 247–248 guideline value 180, 327, 472 desalinated water 99 treatment performance 495 Klebsiella 243 Caesium 215 Legionella 244, 245 Caesium-134 211 Biologically derived contaminants 221–222 Caesium-137 211 Blastocystis (hominis) 121, 271–273 Calcium Bleach, household 110, 141 hard water 377 Blooms, cyanobacterial 221, 294, 345 taste threshold 225 Blue-baby syndrome see Calcium carbonate Methaemoglobinaemia saturation status 175 Blue-green algae see Cyanobacteria scale 225 Body weight, guideline value calculations see also Hardness 164 Calcium hypochlorite 110, 141, 485 Boil water advisories 72, 151–153 decomposition products 188 Boiling of water Calcium sulfate 227 households 143, 146 Caliciviruses 261–263, 305 travellers 108, 110 Campylobacter 237–239 Bone char 176 in faeces, wastewater and raw water 136 Borehole waters 96, 215 health-based targets 134 Boron 323–324 as reference pathogen 127 analysis 479 risk assessment 130, 132 guideline value 178, 323, 472 Campylobacter coli 119, 237 Bottle-fed infants 196, 398, 399, 400, Campylobacter jejuni 119, 237–238 402–403 Cancer Bottled water 101, 108, 114–115 arsenic-related 316–317 Brass corrosion 493 radiation-induced 207 Bromate 172, 324–325 radon-related risk 216 analysis 482 see also Carcinogens guideline value 187, 324, 472 Capacity-building networks 18 520 GUIDELINES FOR DRINKING-WATER QUALITY INDEX Carbaryl 182, 328, 469 emergencies involving see Emergencies, Carbofuran 328–329 chemical contamination analysis 481 of emerging concern 189–190 guideline value 183, 329, 472 fact sheets 307–442 treatment performance 497 guideline values see Guideline values Carbon, activated see Activated carbon health-based targets 40, 42–43, 156 Carbon-14 211 health-based values for use in Carbon block technologies 176 emergencies 197–198 Carbon filters 108, 109, 111 health hazards 5, 156–158 Carbon tetrachloride 329–330 industrial sources and human dwellings analysis 480 see Industrial sources and guideline value 180, 329, 472 human dwellings, chemicals treatment performance 495 from Carcinogens information sources 30 derivation of guideline values 159–160, mixtures 167–168 165 spills involving 199–200 genotoxic 159, 165 naturally occurring see Naturally guideline values 184 occurring chemicals health effects of acute exposure 196 non-threshold 159 IARC classification 160 derivation of guideline values 165 non-genotoxic 159 not included in Guidelines 167 Cascade aeration 489 piped distribution systems 56 Catchments priority setting 29–30 control measures 54–55 “short-listing” 30 hazard identification 53–54 summary tables 468–475 management 53–55 threshold 159, 160–165 new systems 50 treatment to remove 170–176 performance targets 43 verification 26–27, 65, 66–67 roles and responsibilities 11, 12–13 Chemicals used in water treatment/materials see also Source waters in contact with water 158, 182– Cation exchange 176, 491 189 Cement, corrosion 493–501 analysis 479, 482–483 Ceramic filters, porous 109, 111, 142, 145 guideline values 187–188 Certification 15–16 with no guideline values 186–187 agencies 15–16 process control measures 171–174 chemicals in water 42–43 see also Disinfection by-products household treatment and storage Children 146–147 guideline value calculations 164 Cheilobus 289 radionuclide guidance levels 212–213 Chemical-specific adjustment factors (CSAF) see also Infants 160, 163 Chironomus larvae 222 Chemicals 6–7, 155–201 Chloral hydrate (trichloroacetaldehyde) 186, acceptability aspects 222–230 330–331, 469 acute reference doses 197 Chloramination 57, 486 agricultural activities see Agricultural by-products 185, 405 activities, chemicals from effects on acceptability 220 analytical achievability 479–484 nitrite formation 399 analytical methods 168–170, 476–478 Chloramines 331–332, 486 carcinogenic risk categories 160 taste and odour 223 categorization by source 157–158 see also Monochloramine 520 521 GUIDELINES FOR DRINKING-WATER QUALITY INDEX Chlorate 172, 335–336 2-Chlorophenol 186, 224, 337–338, 469 analysis 482 Chlorophenols 224, 337–338 guideline value 187, 335, 473 Chlorophenoxy herbicides 348–349, 360– in water treatment products 188, 189 361, 369–370, 387–389, 419–420 Chlordane 333 Chloropicrin 186, 338, 469 analysis 481 Chlorothalonil 181, 468 guideline value 183, 333, 473 Chlorotoluron