STATE OF WASHINGTON Department of Conservation and Development D. A. SCOTT, Director DIVISION OF GEOLOGY S. SHEDD, Supe.rvisor BULLETIN No. 30 (Geological Series) The Mineral Resources of Washington WITH STATISTICS FOR 1922 BY SOLON SHEDD With an Article on Coal and Coke BY GEORGE WATKIN EVANS OLYMPlA FRANK lf. LAMBORN, PUBLIC PRI NTER 1924 DEPARTMENTAL ORGANIZATION DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT D. A. SCOT'!', Director Olympia. FRED W. AGATZ, Chief Assistant Director Olympia. DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES MARVIN CHASE. Supet·msor Olympia. DIVISION OF RECLAMATION DIVISION OF COLUMBIA BASIN SURVEY DIVISION OF FORESTRY F . E. PAPE, Supermsor Olympia DIVISION OF GEOLOGY S. SBEDD, St1pervlsor Pullman LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Hon. D. A. Scott, Director, Department of Conse·rvation and Development, Olympia, Washington. Sm: I have the honor to submit herewith the manu­ script of a report on the Mineral Resources of Washing­ ton and recommend that it b~ published as a Bulletin of the Department of Conservation and Development and designated as Geological Series No. 30. Very respectfully, s. S HEDD, Swperviso·r, Division of Geology. College Station, Pulhpan, Washington. June 20, 1924. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page [ NTROOUOTJON • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • . • • • • • • • . • • • . • . • • . • • • • • . • • • • • • 11 Tabulation of Mineral Production of Washington, from 1915 to 1922, Inclusive . 13 PART I. METALLIC MINERALS. METALLIC MINERALS •. • . • . • • . • . • . • • . • . 17 Mining Conditions In Washington During 1923.... ......... 17 Gold .. 19 Silver .. 20 Copper . 20 Lead .. 21 Zinc .. 21 Metal Mines Now or Recently in Operation. 22 Tabulation or Metallic Production Totals... ..... .... ...... 23 Gold . 32 Ore Minerals . 32 Uses of Gold . 32 Gold in Washington . 33 Silver . 35 Ore Minerals . 35 Uses of Silver . 36 Silver in Washington . 36 Copper .. • . 38 Ore Minerals . 38 Uses of Copper. 39 Copper in Washington.. • . 40 Lead ... ............. ........................ : . 41 Ore l\ilinerals . 41 Uses of Lead . 42 Lead In Washington . 42 Zinc . 44 Ore Minerals .. 44 Uses of Zinc . 45 Zinc in Washington..... ............................... 46 Antimony .. 47 Ore Minerals .. 47 Uses of Antimony . 47 Production . 48 Deposits in Washington . 49 Arsenic . • . 61 Ore Minerals ................. ........ , . 52 Uses of Arsenic . 62 Deposits in Washington . 63 6 Co1itents METALLIO MINERALS-Continued. Page Chromium . 65 Ore Minerals ......... ..... .... .. ... ................ 65 Uses of Chiomium .................................... 56 Chromite Deposits in Washington ...................... 58 History of Mining .............. .. .. ... ... ... ... .. 59 Geology . .... ..... ...... ... ... .. ..... ........... 60 Ore Bodies ......... ............. ......... ... .. 60 Distribution a-nd Occurrence ................... 60 Character and Composition .. ... .. ... ....... 61 Cobalt 61 Ores of Cobalt . ... .................................. 61 Uses of Cobalt .... ....... .. .......................... 62 Cobalt in Washington ..... ........................... 62 Iron ................. ....... ............................. 63 Minerals Important as Ores of Iron ......... ........... 63 Uses of Iron .............................. ... .. ...... 64 Iron In Washington ................................... 65 Cle E lum District .................. ......... .. .. 65 Snoqualmie Pass ... .... ... .. ..... • .... .. 66 Hamilton District ................................. 66 Valley District .............. ..................... 67 Other Deposits in Stevens County . .. .... ..... 68 Deer Trail . ...... .. ·.. .... ... ................ 68 Clugston Creek .............. : . ........ ... 68 D'eep Lake . .... .... .. ... ......... .. ..... 68 Myers Creek ...................................... 69 Other Localities ...... ... ........ ................. 69 Manganese ........................................ ... ... 70 Ore Minerals ......................................... 71 Uses of Manganese .. .................................. 73 In Alloys . ...... ... ..... ... .......... ... .. .. ... 74 As an Oxidizer .. ... ........ ...... ... .. .... ........ 77 As a Coloring Material ............................ 77 Manganese Deposits in Washington . .. .. ......... • .... 78 Ol ympic Mountains .................... ........... 79 Manganiferous Deposits ........................... 80 Composition ......... ......... .................... 81 Origin ........ .... ................... ... ......... 81 Tripple Trip Mine .. ... .. .... .. ... .... ........... 81 The Apex Mine . ............................. .. 82 Black and White ........ ... .......... ............ 83 Deposits Near the Black and White .... ...... .... 83 Steel Creek Group ......... .. • ................. ... 83 Tubal Cain ... ............... ............ .... .. 84 E xtent ot Deposits .......... ..................... 85 Fidalgo Island ........ ... .. .. • .... ..... ...... ... 85 Contents 7 METALLIC MlNERALs-Contlnued. Manganese- Manganese Deposits in Washington- Page Samlsh Bay . 85 Grays Harbor . 85 Okanogan County . 85 Mercur y (Quicksilver) .. 86 Ores of Mercury . 86 Uses of Mercury . 87 Mercury in Washington . 87 Molybdenum . 88 Ore Minerals . 89 Uses of Molybdenum . 89 Tool and High Speed Steels. 90 Use of Molybdenum In Other Alloy Steels.. ......... 91 Uses or Metallic Molybdenum. 92 Uses of Molybdenum in Chemicals................... 92 Use of Molybdenum in Stell1te....... 92 Molybdenum Depo"slts of Washington. 93 Nickel .. 96 Ore Minerals . 97 Uses of Nickel . 98 Nickel Deposits in Washington . 99 Platinum . 101 Ore Minera1s of Platinum . 102 Uses of Platinum . 102 Platinum in Washington . 102 Pyrite .. ..... ...................... .. .. ...... ....... 103 Uses of Pyrite . 103 Pyrite in Washington .................................. 104 Tungsten . 105 Ore Minerals . 106 Uses of Tungsten . 106 Tungsten Deposits in Washington . 108 PART II. NON-METALLIC MINERALS. NON·META.L'LIO MINERAUI .••••••.••.•.•.•....•.•..••..•.••..•.•.•• 113 Introduction . 113 Coal ...... ... ............ .....