World Maritime University The Maritime Commons: Digital Repository of the World Maritime University World Maritime University Ph.D. Dissertations Dissertations 2017 Development of the framework for a lean, energy efficient, and environmentally friendly port: umm qasr port as a Case Study Safaa A.J. Alfayyadh World Maritime University Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.wmu.se/phd_dissertations Part of the Other Environmental Sciences Commons, and the Transportation Commons Recommended Citation Alfayyadh, Safaa A.J., "Development of the framework for a lean, energy efficient, and environmentally friendly port: umm qasr port as a Case Study" (2017). World Maritime University Ph.D. Dissertations. 4. https://commons.wmu.se/phd_dissertations/4 This Thesis is brought to you courtesy of Maritime Commons. Open Access items may be downloaded for non-commercial, fair use academic purposes. No items may be hosted on another server or web site without express written permission from the World Maritime University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WORLD MARITIME UNIVERSITY Malmo, Sweden DEVELOPMENT OF THE FRAMEWORK FOR A LEAN, ENERGY EFFICIENT, AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY PORT: UMM QASR PORT AS A CASE STUDY By SAFAA A. J. ALFAYYADH Republic of Iraq A dissertation submitted to the World Maritime University in partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In MARITIME AFFAIRS PORT MANAGEMENT 2017 Copyright Safaa Alfayyadh, 2017 DECLARATION I certify that all the material in this thesis that is not my own work has been identified, and that no material is included for which a degree has previously been conferred on me. The contents of this thesis reflect my own personal views and are not necessarily endorsed by the University. Signature: Date: Supervised by: Dr. Daniel Seong-Hyeok Moon Professor, World Maritime University, Sweden. Supervised by: Dr. Aykut I. Ölcer Professor, World Maritime University, Sweden. Received by: Dr. Maximo Q. Mejia Jr Director of Research & PhD Program, Professor --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- External Assessor: Prof. Pierre Cariou Institution: KEDGE Business School in Marseille (France) Internal Assessor: Prof. Dong-Wook Song Institution: World Maritime University ii ETHICS APPROVAL FORM WMU PhD in Maritime Affair Compliance with Guidelines on Good Research Practice Title of Research: Development of the Framework for a Lean, Energy Efficient, and Environmentally Friendly Port: Umm Qasr Port as a Case Study Name of Doctoral Candidate: Safaa A. J. Alfayyadh Supervisor(s): Prof. Daniel Seong-Hyeok Moon Prof. Aykut I. Ölcer This is to confirm that the methodology of the above mentioned research, to be carried out by the doctoral candidate named above, has been examined in the light of the ethics guidelines of the University, and has been approved by a properly convened panel consisting of: Prof. Pierre Cariou (External Assessor) Prof. Dong-Wook Song (Internal Assessor) The doctoral candidate is required to bring to the attention of the approving panel any changes to the research work that may have ethical implications. Signature(s) Date iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS After an intensive period of forty months, today is the day: writing this note of thanks is the finishing touch on my thesis. It has been a period of intense learning for me, not only in the scientific arena, but also on a personal level. Writing this thesis has had a big impact on me. I would like to reflect on the people who have supported and helped me so much throughout this period. This research would not have been achievable without the help and guidance of several individuals who in one way or another contributed and extended their valuable assistance in the preparation and completion of this study. First of all, I am heartily thankful to my supervisors, Prof. Daniel Seong-Hyeok Moon and Prof. Aykut I. Ölcer , whose encouragement, guidance and support from the initial to the final level enabled me to develop an understanding of the subject. Moreover, I extend my great appreciation to Professor Olof Linden, Professor Max Mejia, Professor Shuo Ma, Associate Professor Patrick Donner and Professor Dong Song who offered me valuable comments, advise and encouragements. I express deep appreciation to my company, the General Company for Ports of Iraq GCPI, and especially the former Director General, Captain Omran Radi, who nominated me for DANIDA Scholarship to join WMU. My gratitude to the faculty and staff of WMU and especially Carla Escalante Fischer, Susan Jackson, Anne Pazaver, Library and IT staff for their support and understanding. I would like to take this opportunity to thank the Danish Government for their generosity in funding the DANIDA Scholarship. I am very honored to be the recipient of this award. I would like to thank all my colleagues and friends both at WMU and GCPI for their wonderful collaboration. You supported me greatly and were always willing to help me. A special debt of gratitude is owed to my parents for all support, encouragement and prayers. My sincere gratitude to my brothers and sisters for their help and support iv throughout my study journey. My special thanks to my wife, Batool, who sailed with me in this journey without knowing how difficult it would be and she was always patience, supportive, encouraging and providing delicious food. I would like to give my special thanks my lovely sons (Zainulabdeen, Muntadher, Kadhim, Ali Rida) and my princess daughter (Umulbaneen) for being good passengers in this journey. Last but not the least, the one above all of us, the omnipresent God, for answering my prayers for giving me the strength to plod on despite my constitution wanting to give up and throw in the towel, thank you so much Dear Allah. v ABSTRACT Title: Development of the Framework for a Lean, Energy Efficient, and Environmentally Friendly Port: Umm Qasr Port as a Case Study Degree: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) The research focus is to examine rigorously how the implementation of Lean within the Umm Qasr Port improves the operation processes and to explore the Lean impact on environment improvement and energy efficiency management. In this research, the ROPMEE model has been developed by the researcher to evaluate the service quality in the cargo delivery process in the Port of Umm Qasr as it covers all the functional and non-functional areas in the cargo delivery process compared to other quality dimensions. The findings confirm that the process quality dimension is the most influential factor in service quality in the Port of Umm Qasr. The reasons for the poor performance of current practices adopted by the port are the use of traditional ways of information flow and a decision-making process that requires more time and steps within the whole process. The lack of smooth process flow is a potential cause of bottlenecks within port operation that create serious problems not only for the customer but also for the port itself. In this research, a visual representation is created of how the current value stream map for different port processes has been established on the identification and elimination of non- value-added activity or “waste” involved in delivering services in Umm Qasr port for customers. A VSM tool was applied to visually map the cargo handling flow, ship entrance, ship maneuvering and cargo clearance to display the current and future states of processes in a way that highlights opportunities for improvement. Based on the defined and classified waste according to the seven deadly wastes of Lean, this research suggests a future value stream map for port processes. The impact of the identified wastes has been quantified in terms of cost, carbon dioxide emissions working time efficiency, and energy consumption cost. This research is the first attempt to develop a Lean port model for improving port processes, as there have been no previous studies aimed at providing a holistic framework for improving port performance, which can be used by other ports. vi Implementing the Lean approach requires a gradual shift in work culture by involving all port employees and customers in the continuous improvement process and changing the service delivery from a push to pull system. Keywords: Lean Port, Process Improvement, Value Stream Mapping, Efficiency, Environment, Energy Management. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. ii ETHICS APPROVAL FORM …………………………………………………………………………………… iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..………………………………………………………………………………………iv ABSTRACT ...…………………………………………………………………………………………………………vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ..……………………………………………………………………………………...viii List of Tables ..………………………………………………………………………………..xi List of Figures ..…………………………………………………………………………….xiii List of Abbreviation .…………………………………………………………………….xvi 1. Chapter One: Introduction 1.1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………….1 1.2. Research Scope …………………………………………………………………...4 1.3. Research Objectives ………………………………………………………………5 1.4. Methodology ……………………………………………………………………...5 2. Chapter Two: Process Improvement and Port Performance Measurement 2.1. Literature Review …………………………………………………………………9 2.2. Techniques of Measuring Process Improvement and Port Performance ………..14 2.2.1. Port Performance Indicators PPIs ………………………………………………15 2.2.2. Business Process Simulation Software- Like Arena ……………………………19 2.2.3. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) …………………………………………….22 2.3. Service Quality of Umm Qasr Port