Systems Engineering with SysML/UML Morgan Kaufmann OMG Press Morgan Kaufmann Publishers and the Object Management Group™ (OMG) have joined forces to publish a line of books addressing business and technical topics related to OMG’s large suite of software standards. OMG is an international, open membership, not-for-profi t computer industry consortium that was founded in 1989. The OMG creates standards for software used in government and corporate environments to enable interoperability and to forge common development environments that encourage the adoption and evolution of new technology. OMG members and its board of directors consist of representatives from a majority of the organizations that shape enterprise and Internet computing today. OMG’s modeling standards, including the Unifi ed Modeling Language™ (UML®) and Model Driven Architecture® (MDA), enable powerful visual design, execution and maintenance of software, and other processes—for example, IT Systems Modeling and Business Process Management. The middleware standards and profi les of the Object Management Group are based on the Common Object Request Broker Architecture® (CORBA) and support a wide variety of industries. More information about OMG can be found at http://www.omg.org/. Related Morgan Kaufmann OMG Press Titles UML 2 Certifi cation Guide: Fundamental and Intermediate Exams Tim Weilkiens and Bernd Oestereich Real-Life MDA: Solving Business Problems with Model Driven Architecture Michael Guttman and John Parodi Architecture Driven Modernization: A Series of Industry Case Studies Bill Ulrich Systems Engineering with SysML/UML Modeling, Analysis, Design Tim Weilkiens Acquisitions Editor: Tiffany Gasbarrini Publisher: Denise E. M. Penrose Publishing Services Manager: George Morrison Project Manager: Mónica González de Mendoza Assistant Editor: Matt Cater Production Assistant: Lianne Hong Cover Design: Dennis Schaefer Cover Image: © Masterfile (Royalty-Free Division) Morgan Kaufmann Publishers is an imprint of Eslsevier. 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright © 2006 by dpunkt. verlag GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany. Title of the German original: Systems Engineering mit SysML/UML (ISBN: 978-3-89864-409-9) Translation © 2007 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks or registered trademarks. In all instances in which Morgan Kaufmann Publishers is aware of a claim, the product names appear in initial capital or all capital letters. Readers, however, should contact the appropriate companies for more complete information regarding trademarks and registration. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, scanning, or otherwise—without prior written permission of the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: (ϩ44) 1865 843830, fax: (ϩ44) 1865 853333, E-mail: [email protected]. You may also complete your request online via the Elsevier homepage (http://elsevier.com), by selecting “Support & Contact” then “Copyright and Permission” and then “Obtaining Permissions.” Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Weilkiens, Tim. [Systems Engineering mit SysML/UML. English] Systems engineering with SysML/UML: modeling, analysis, design/Tim Weilkiens. p. cm. — (The OMG Press) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-12-374274-2 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Systems engineering. 2. SysML (Computer science). 3. UML (Computer science). I. Title. TA168.W434 2008 620.001Ј171—dc22 2007047004 ISBN: 978-0-12-374274-2 For information on all Morgan Kaufmann publications, visit our Web site at www.mkp.com or www.books.elsevier.com 08 09 10 11 12 13 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America Working together to grow libraries in developing countries www.elsevier.com | www.bookaid.org | www.sabre.org Contents Foreword ix Author Biography xii CHAPTER 1 Introduction ............................................................... 1 1.1 Preliminaries .............................................................................................1 1.1.1 Is This Book for Me? .....................................................................3 1.1.2 What Will I Get from This Book? ..................................................3 1.1.3 What Motivated This Book? And Thanks! .....................................4 1.1.4 How Do I Read This Book?........................................................... 5 1.1.5 What Next? ..................................................................................5 1.2 Systems Engineering .................................................................................6 1.2.1 What Is Systems Engineering? ..................................................... 7 1.2.2 Systems Engineering Processes .................................................. 10 1.2.3 The Systems Engineer ................................................................12 1.2.4 Systems Engineering History ..................................................... 13 1.2.5 International Council on Systems Engineering ..........................14 1.2.6 Systems Engineering versus Software Engineering .................... 15 1.2.7 Marginal Notes ...........................................................................15 1.3 The OMG SysML TM and UML TM Languages ..............................................16 1.4 Book Context ..........................................................................................17 1.4.1 Autosar .......................................................................................18 1.4.2 Capability Maturity Model Integration .......................................18 1.4.3 BPM ............................................................................................19 1.4.4 ISO/IEC 15288 ...........................................................................19 1.4.5 MATLAB/Simulink ......................................................................20 1.4.6 The Requirement Interchange Format .......................................20 1.4.7 Statemate ...................................................................................21 1.4.8 Step ............................................................................................21 1.4.9 Specifi cation and Description Language ....................................22 1.4.10 V-Model XT ................................................................................22 CHAPTER 2 The Pragmatic SYSMOD Approach ............................. 23 2.1 Case Study ...............................................................................................24 2.1.1 Describe Project Context........................................................... 28 2.2 Determining Requirements ....................................................................33 2.2.1 Identify Stakeholders .................................................................34 2.2.2 Collect Requirements ................................................................38 2.3 Modeling the System Context .................................................................45 2.3.1 Identify System Actors ...............................................................45 2.3.2 Model System/Actor Information Flow ......................................54 2.3.3 Identify System Interaction Points .............................................59 2.4 Modeling Use Cases ................................................................................ 63 2.4.1 Identify Use Cases ......................................................................65 vi Contents 2.4.2 Describe Use Case Essences ......................................................75 2.4.3 Describe System Processes ........................................................80 2.4.4 Model Use Cases Without Redundancies ...................................84 2.4.5 Model Use Case Flows ...............................................................88 2.4.6 Model Object Flows ...................................................................94 2.5 Model Domain Knowledge ................................................................... 102 2.6 Create Glossary .....................................................................................107 2.7 Realizing Use Cases ...............................................................................110 2.7.1 Model System/Actor Interaction ..............................................112 2.7.2 Derive System Interfaces ......................................................... 114 2.7.3 Model System Structures.......................................................... 116 2.7.4 Desire State Model ...................................................................125 2.8 Marginal Notes ......................................................................................128 2.8.1 Variant Management ................................................................129 2.8.2 Model Simulation .....................................................................130 2.8.3 Testing......................................................................................131 2.8.4 The System of Systems .............................................................134 2.8.5 Modeling Patterns ....................................................................135