History of Bisbee, 1877 to 1937 Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Cox, Annie Mae, 1893- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 10/10/2021 07:25:03 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/552233 ::::::: :t::: t t :::::::::: t::::::::::::::::::::::: HISTORY OF BISBES 1 8 7 7 TO 1937 By Annie M. Cox A Thesis submitted to the faculty of - the- '..T-."X . V *-V'' Depfw*tanent of‘ History in partial fulfiIlment.of ■ the requirements for. the degree of Master of Arts in the Graduate College University of Arizona 1 9 3 8... ■ > . Approved: TYc 8.. A A. / Adviser Date :: ;:i c. ■; i t. o k o t o x -! T c; 0 I 0 v v a J ::oC ." yiunl. r: /1: m'lx A » lo Xvlvo^l o ’ij o«1 A- ;:! jnd'tfv s^oIXoD cv.'i^r.vC .-inocllA lo v*A:..‘:ov.; ::li 3 c) y X i xV A V \ X "::T t : . / 93 ? /3 CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION.......................................... i CHAPTER I. BISBEE: THE PLACE OF THE PROSPECTOR...... 1 Ore Discovered, Early Mining Claims Located, First Smelter Built.................................... John Dunn, government scout,.................... Rucker Mine located, August 2, 1877............ George ,/arren, prospector...................... Mercy Mine and other claims located, 1877...... Halcro Mine located, December 14, 1877......... Ol cn V V H H H V V cn Ol The first smelter built, April, 1878........... <2 Dramatic Events in the life of George Warren.... George Warren, a dramatic character.......... -J -J The Y/arren-Atkins footrace................... 00 Warren's insanity............................ (O Warren's last mining venture and his declining years....................................... 10 Copper fyueen and Copper King Mining Claims; Sale and Division of Claims............................. 12 An Infant Mining Camp.............................. 14 CHAPTER II. BISBEEi THE RISE OF THE CORPORATION..... 15 Western and Eastern Capitalists in Bisbee.......... 15 Sale of the Copper Q,ueen Mine to Martin, Ballard, and Reilly; Organization of the Copper ^ueen Mining Company, 1880........................ 15 Mining and smelting operations, 1880............. 19 The Neptune Mining Company, 1880 to 1881......... 20 The Town of Bisbee................................. 21 Town and post office established, August, 1880.... 21 Industrial, political, and social activities...... 24 Unwritten law prohibiting Chinese................ 25 Cochise County created, February 1, 1881......... 25 Bisbee, 1881, a thriving frontier town.......... 27 Bisbee School District No. 2..................... 28 The first school in Bisbee, October, 1881........ 29 The first Christmas celebration in Bisbee....... 32 ; iuuii Page The Growing Mining Industry.......................... 32 The Copper Queen, the most active, mining company in the district....... 32 Great orehody uncovered on Copper Queen Hill, 1881. 32 The Atlanta Mining Company,........................ 33 Dr. James Douglas.................................... 34 Character and ability.............. 35 Birth, parentage, education, and early achieve­ ments...... 35 Dr. Douglas in Bisbee, December, 1880; Copper Queen Mine visited early in 1881.............. 36 Atlanta Mine nurchased for Phelps Dodge and Com­ pany, 1881..................................... 37 Three year development campaign on the Atlanta, 1881 to 1884.......... 39 The Arizona Prince Copper Company and the Law of the Apex......... ............ ............... 40 The Copper Queen Consolidated Mining Company, 1885... 43 CHAPTER III. BISBEE: THE WILD WEST T O W . ............. 44 Murders of the Early Eighties........................ 45 First murder in Bisbee, August, 1880............... 45 Peter Hogan killed, February, 1881.,.,............. 45 James Woods killed, March, 1881......... 46 Samuel McFarland murdered, October, 1881........... 47 Frank Stable shot accidentally, May, 1882.......... 48 Buford-Everett Feud, June, 1882.................... 48 The Bisbee Robbery, September, 1882..,,............ 50 John Conolly killed, January, 1883................. 51 The Bisbee Massacre, December 8, 1883.........i...... 51 Goldwater and Castaneda Store, the bank of the town................................. ..... 53 Goldwater and Castaneda Store held up and robbed; five people massacred..... ................ 54 Billy Daniels and posse in pursuit of the outlaws; arrest of John Heith.................. 58 Assistance of the Copper Queen Mining Company in the capture of the bandits.................... 61 Daniel Kelly captured in Hew Mexico................ 61 Owen W. Sample and James Howard captured near Clifton, Arizona....... 62 Daniel Dowed captured in Mexico by Billy Daniels... 63 William Delaney captured in Mexico................. 65 The six outlaws imprisoned in Tombs tone............ 66 Trial of the Bisbee Massacre cases, February 8, 1884....... 66 John Keith’s verdict unsatisfactory................ 68 Page John Keith hanged by a mob, February 22, 1884...... 69 Preparation for the legal execution of Kelly, Sample, Dowed, Howard, and D e l a n e y . 72 The execution, March 28, 1884...................... 73 Other Murders of the First Decade.................... 74 John Hiles killed by Billy Daniels, March 22, 1884. 75 Abe Jones shot, April 4, 1884...................... 76 A lynching, September 11, 1884........ .......... 76 Nicholas McCoraic murdered, August 25, 1887........ 78 A cowboy killed, September 1, 1887................. 78 R. E. Clark killed, January 13, 1889............... 79 W. V. Lowther murdered by James Daley, April 10, 1890......... ............ 79 Forty-five Sixty, a committee of safety......-......*.. 80 Indian Scares ................ ..... .... ...^ 81 Constant fear of Indian attacks............. *....... 81 Apache Indians on School Hill and at Forrest Ranch, 82 Indian skirmish in Sulphur Spring Valley, 1885; Billy Daniels killed............ 83 Indian scare, 1886................................. 86 Division of Fourth United States Cavalry stationed below Bisbee........... ; 86 Educational System in Course of Development During Wild West Period of the History of Bisbee.......... 87 One-room school building given to the community by the Copper Queen Mining Company............... 87 School activities, September, 1883 to June, 1885..'. 89 The Bisbee school, a community center,; 90 Rapid growth of the Bisbee school system from a one-room to a ten-room school, 1887 to 1899; Tombstone Canyon School built, 1901........ 93 Reorganization of the Bisbee school system and the establishment of a high school, 1904 and 1905. 94 CHAPTER IV. BISBEE i THE CORPORATION OWNED TOWN...... .96 Early History of the Phelps Dodge Corporation.......^ 97 Phelps and Peck, a merchant firm,- 1813; Phelps . Dodge and Company, 1834........98 Lumber business added to metal trade, 1875......... 100 Phelps Dodge and Company continued in general ship­ ping and metal business; acquired copper mines in Bisbee, 1881............................... 101 The Copper Queen Consolidated Mining Company, 1885 to 1899.............................................. 102 Expansion and intensive development................ 102 Arizona and Southwestern Railroad, 1888.......... 103 Page Calumet and Arizona Mining Company................ .. 105 Origin of the Calumet and Arizona Mining Company... 105 Litigation over Daley property, 1890 to 1899....... 10? Purchase of the Irish Mag, 1899; organization o f , the Calumet and Arizona Mining Company, 1901.. 108 Agreement of the Copper Queen Consolidated Mining. Company and the Calumet and Arizona Mining Company in regard to apex rights.............. 110 Copper Queen -and Calumet and Arizona Smelters and El Paso and Southwestern Railroad....... ............ Ill Great modern smelters built twenty-four miles from Bisbee, 1901-1904; the town of Douglas cre­ ated. 112 El Paso and Southwestern Railroad Company incor­ porated, June 25, 1901................. 114 Hew Mining Companies Organized....;...;............ 115 Shattuck Arizona Copper Company; 1904.............. 116 Denn Arizona Mining Company, 1905................. 118 Hardships Endured by Early Settlers.................. 118 Sickness and disease........ 119 Fatalities in the" mines ............................ 120 Floods........ ................ 121 Fire hazards.............................. 123 The Mining Companies and Community Welfare........... 124 Dispensaries and hospitals built................... 124 Improvements in working conditions and protection of miners. ; . ....... ........ 126 Copper Queen Library established, 1887........ 127 Churches organized................................. 128 Young men1 s and young women1 s Christian associa- " - tions created.................................. 131 Economic and Civic Development....... ..........'.... 133 newspapers established...... ........... 134 Copper Queen Store built, 1886;- Phelps Dodge . Mercantile Company organized, 1912............ 136 Banks established, 1900, 1902,.and 1906,........... 139 The city of Bisbee incorporated, 1902; early ordinances and civic improvements............. 143 The Bisbee Improvement Company, 1901.... ...... 147 The Bisbee-Haco Water Company, 1904................ 150 Bisbee Improvement Company and Bisbee-Haco Water Company later controlled by Arizona Edison C ompany .......... ...............