Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 136: 67-97, 1984 African Crickets (Gryllidae). 5. East and South African Species of Modicogryllus and Several Related Genera (Gryllinae, Modicogryllini) DANIEL OTTE Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 19th and the Parkway, Philadelphia, PA, 19103 WILLIAM CADE Biological Sciences, Brock University St. Catharines, Ontario L25 3AI ABSTRACT.-This paper is part of a series of preliminarypapers on the African cricket fauna. We discuss all nominal species of Modicogryllus from the Afrotropicslisted by Chopard(1967) in his catalogue, as well as fourteen new species discovered in eastern and southernAfrica. We have examined and comparedthe types of all species. Nine nominal species are moved out of this genus (see list below). Five additionalAfrican species have not been studied, either because they are from northAfrica or because the types are females; their generic status remains uncertain.Two species are moved into Comidogryllus,previously known only from Australasia. One species, royi, is moved to a new genus Modicoides. [Africa, crickets, Gryllidae, Modicogryllini, morphology, new taxa, Orthoptera,songs, systematics] This paper began when we attemptedto de- two species of Comidogryllus, and one of the termine which Modicogryllus species we had new genus Modicoides. recorded and collected in eastern and southern The paper is merely an interim reporton the Africa. Since the descriptions of previously present status of these genera. It is highly prob- described species rarely included the necessary able that numerousadditional species will even- diagnostic characters it became necessary to tually be discovered. study all of the types from the Afrotropical We have not examined many of the speci- zone. We have made new illustrations of the mens which have accumulated in various male genitalia, figured the forewings of males, museums. We believe these are best studied and counted the file teeth. Some type specimens after the songs from the respective areas are came without male genitalia-evidently they also known. While the male genitalia seem to had dropped off the points to which they were be reasonably species-specific in these genera, glued. it is often the case in Gryllinae that different This paper does not include a key to species. species have identical genitalia, leading one It does, however, include a table of comparison therefore to incorrectly identify species when and the illustrationsof male genitalia necessary no song data are available. for identification. Positive identification of The following taxa are treatedand discussed specimens from outside of those regions where here: songs have been recorded will be difficult or impossible. Modicogryllus Chopard 196 lb Chopard's 1967 catalogue lists 86 species of Modicogryllus, at least fifteen of which have 1. segnis n. sp. n. sp. since been moved to other genera (Otte and 2. serengetensis 3. conspersus Schaum 1853 Alexander 1983). In the present paper we dis- 4. Iefevrei Chopard 1938b cuss and illustrate28 species of Modicogryllus, 5. kivuensis Chopard 1939 67 This content downloaded from 142.66.3.42 on Tue, 23 Jul 2013 17:24:35 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 68 DANIEL OTTE AND WILLIAM CADE 6. brincki Chopard 1955 The following African Modicogryllus have 7. parilis n. sp. not been studied and their status remains un- 8. meruensis n. sp. certain: 9. elgonensis Chopard 1938a 10. vicinus Chopard 1938b 11. minutus Chopard 1954 guanchicus Krauss 1852 (north Africa) 12. zolotarewskyi Chopard(in Chopardand Kevan 1954) palmetorumKrauss 1902 (north Africa) 13. amani n. sp. tripunctatusWerner 1908 (Tripoli) 14. vittatifrons Chopard 1961a luteus Karny 1907 (a female, Sudan) 15. zinzilulans n. sp. densivervis Chopard(a female, Ituri, Zaire) 16. maliensis n. sp. 17. kenyensis n. sp. 18. laticeps Chopard 1939 METHODS 19. nitidus Chopard 1925 All tape recordingswere made with a Nagra 20. uncinatus Chopard 1938c 21. beibienkoi Chopard 1938a SN tape recorder(8.9 cm/s) and a Sony ECM- 22. perplexus n. sp. 5OPSelectret condenser microphone attached to 23. dewhursti n. sp. a parabolicreflector. Tapes were copied onto 5 24. geonomes n. sp. inch reels by a Uher 4000 Report L tape re- 25. jagoi n. sp. corder. Sonagraphsof songs were made with a 26. garriens n. sp. 27. mombasae n. sp. Kay Elemetrics 7029A Sonograph. 28. alluaudi Chopard 1932 Temperatures were determined by placing the thermometer as close as possible to the Comidogryllus Otte and Alexander 1983 place where the cricket was singing, especially when crickets were singing in dense grass, in 29. consanguineus Chopard 1961a (moved from Mod- burrows, or on the ground. icogryllus) Body parts of crickets are named according 30. vividus Sjosted 1900 (moved from Modicogryllus) to the terminologyof Otte and Alexander 1983. Specimens examined are deposited at the UNCERTAIN STATUS following institutions: LUND, Zoological 31. Modicogryllus rotundipennis Chopard 1938a Museum; PARIS, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle; PHILADELPHIA(ANSP), Academy of Modicoides n. gen. Natural Sciences; TERVUREN,Musee Royal de STOCKHOLM,Naturhistoris- 32. royi Chopard 19 (moved from Cophogryllus) I'Afrique Centrale; ka Riksmuseet. The following African Modicogryllus sensu Chopard 1967 are moved or will be moved to other genera (see also Otte and Alexander 1983 TAPE RECORDINGAND COLLECTINGLOCALITIES for treatmentof Australianspecies): 2. Tanzania, Mt. Meru, N slope, 12 x 1980 similis Chopard 1938 (to Velarifictorus, Otte ms) 5. Tanzania, Serengeti Park, Seronera, 14 x 1980 rhombiferChopard 1954 (to Velarifictorus, Otte ms) 6. Tanzania, Serengeti National Park, Kirawira area, lepesmei Chopard 1961b (to Velarifictorus, Otte ms) 20 x 1980 affinis Chopard 1948 (to Velarifictorus, Otte ms) 6A. Tanzania, Serengeti Park, Mbalageti R, nr. Kira- fuliginatus Chopard 1961a (to Scapsipedus, Otte and Cade wira, 20 x 1980 1984c) 9. Tanzania, Ngorongoro Crater, 20 x 1980 consanguineusChopard 1961a (to Comidogryllus,Otte and 11. South Africa, Natal, Eshowe, 30 x 1980 Cade, present work) 13. South Africa, KwaZulu, Hlabisa, 9 ix 1980 schultzei Karny 1910 (to new undescribedgenus, Otte ms) 14. South Africa, Natal, St. Lucia, 10 ix 1980 nigrodorsatus Chopard 1961b (synonym of Scapsipedus 15. South Africa, Natal (KwaZulu) Hluhluwe Game fuliginatus, Otte and Cade 1984c) Reserve, 10 xi 1980 This content downloaded from 142.66.3.42 on Tue, 23 Jul 2013 17:24:35 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions MODICOGRYLLUS AND RELATED GENERA 69 17. South Africa, Natal (KwaZulu), Tugela River (Mid- dle Drift area), 15 xi 1980 IDENTIFICATIONOF GENERA 18. South Africa, Natal, Howick, 16 xi 1980 Modicogryllus 19. South Africa, Natal, Karkloff area, near Howick, 17 xi 1980 1. Male forewings usually with two harp veins and a well 20. South Africa, Natal (KwaZulu), Mkuze Game Re- developed mirror,which is usually divided by one vein, serve, 19 xi 1980 but is undivided in a minority of species. 21. South Africa, Mkuze Game Reserve, Nsumu Pan, 2. Both sexes with small inner and large outer tympana. 19 xi 1980 3. Epiphalluswithout median lobes or with a single small 22. South Africa, Transvaal, Rust-de-Winter, 20 ix one. 1980 4. Ectoparameressomewhat variable, usually quite long, 46. South Africa, Cape Province, 19 km S of Mid- and extending beyond the epiphallic lobes, never as in delburg on R 57, 11 iii 1982 Figs. 13E,F. 50. South Africa, Natal, Eshowe, 13-30 iii 1982 51. South Africa, Natal (KwaZulu) Mtunzini, 15-16 iii Comidogryllus 1982 54. South Africa, Natal, nr. Empangeni, 17 iii 1982 1. Male forewings similar to Modicogryllus. 55. South Africa, Natal (KwaZulu) ca. 18 km W of 2. Epiphalluswith two small lobes between the two larger Empangeni, 17 iii 1982 lateral lobes. 56. South Africa, Natal (KwaZulu) ca. 15 km NE of 3. Tympana as in Modicogryllus. Eshowe, old Empangeni road, 18 iii 1982 4. Ectoparameresshort, each bilobate, the median lobe 57. South Africa, Natal (KwaZulu) ca. 30 km NE of fleshy. Eshowe, old Empangeni road, 18 iii 1982 58. South Africa, Natal, 18 km W of Empangeni, 18 iii Modicoides 1982 1. Males without wings. 59. South Africa, Natal, Nkwaleni Valley, N of Esho- 2. Both sexes without tympana. we, 19 iii 1982 3. Epiphallusresembles that of some Modicogryllus spec- 60. South Africa, KwaZulu, Hlabisa, 21 iii 1982 ies (Fig. 14A). 61. South Africa, KwaZulu, Hlabisa area, 21 iii 1982 4. Ectoparamereslong and slender similar to most Mod- 62. South Africa, Natal, Hlabisa area, 22 iii 1982 icogryllus. 63. South Africa, Natal (KwaZulu), Hluhluwe Game Reserve, 23 iii 1982 66. South Africa, Natal (KwaZulu), Tugela River at Genus Modicogryllus Chopard Middle Drift, 26 iii 1982 67. South Africa, Natal, Mkuze Game Reserve, 28 iii Modicogryllus Chopard 1961b: 272. Type species: Mod- 1982 icogryllus conspersus Schaum 1853: 776, by original 71. South Africa, Transvaal, Komatipoort, 30 iii 1982 designation. 76A. Kenya, Nairobi, 11 ix 1982 76B. Kenya, Nairobi, 10 x 1982 This nominal genus into which Chopard 77A. Kenya, near Nairobi, Karen, 13 ix 1982 (1967) placed 86 species has been under study Hunter's Nairobi-Mombasa 78. Kenya, Lodge, Road, for some years. Otte and Alexander 14 ix 1982 (1983) 85. Kenya, near Mombasa, Matuga, AgriculturalExpt. moved 16 of Chopard'snames to other genera. Sta. 18 ix 1982 In the presentpaper we revise the genus further 87. Kenya, Waa, 17 km S of Mombasa, 18 ix 1982 by adding 14 new species and transferring8 93. Tanzania, Usa River, nr. Arusha, 25 ix 1982 nominal species to other genera. 99. Tanzania, 28 ix 1982 Dar-es-Salaam, The distribution of the genus 102. Tanzania, East UsambaraMountains, Amani, 30 ix remains in 1982 doubt. We do know that it is widespread from 103. Tanzania, East Usambara Mountains, Sigi, below Africa to India, and at least one species known Amani, 30 ix 1982 to belong to this genus occurs on Pacific islands 109. Tanzania, ManyaraNational Park, 7 x 1982 (Fiji, Hawaii). All of the species listed from 111.