AL-HAQ The Annexation Wall and its Associated Regime The Wall Campaign: Ten Years Too Long Second Edition 2012 The Annexation Wall and its Associated Regime The Wall Campaign: Ten Years Too Long Second Edition 2012 Photo by: Fadi Arouri AL-Haq - 54 Main Street 2nd & 3rd Fl. - Opp. Latin Patriarchate Saint Andrew’s Evangelical Church - (Protestant Hall) P.O.Box: 1413 - Ramallah - West Bank - Palestine Tel: + 970 (0)2 2954646/7/9 Fax: + 970 (0) 2 2954903 Acknowledgements AL-HAQ Al-Haq would like to thank the United Nations Office for Author: Lisa Monaghan and Grazia Careccia the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), the Editor: Grazia Careccia Contributors: Gabrielle Chaizy and Dylan Cantwell Smith United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Pictures: Fadi Arouri © Anne Paq © Grazia Careccia © Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) and the United Thomas Palmer © Design: Hamza Dado Nations Register of Damage (UNRoD) for providing ISBN: 978-9950-327-31-3 Publisher: Al-Haq - © All Rights Reserved maps and statistics. Special Thanks Shawan Jabarin, Gareth Gleed and John Reynolds. For the second edition special thanks to: Paul Maloney and Neill ÓCíoráin. Any quotation of up to 500 words may be used without permission provided that full attribution is given. Longer quotations or entire chapters or sections of this study may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, or stored on any retrieval system of any nature, without the express written permission of Al-Haq. AL-HAQ 2012 Photo by: Fadi Arouri List of contents: Glossary ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 1. The Annexation Wall .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 11 2. Wall Facts and Figures ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 11 3. Key Dates in the Construction of the Wall .................................................................................................................................................................. 12 4. Security: A Pretence for Annexation? ........................................................................................................................................................................... 14 4.1 East Jerusalem ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 17 4.2 Settlements .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 19 4.3 Water Resources ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26 5. The Wall’s Associated Regime ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 28 5.1 Gates ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 29 5.2 Permit System ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 30 5.3 ID Cards ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 32 5.4 Property Destruction .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 33 6. The Annexation Wall and International Law ........................................................................................................................................................... 34 6.1 International Humanitarian Law .................................................................................................................................................................. 35 6.1.1 The Prohibition of Annexation of Occupied Territory .................................................................................................. 35 6.1.2 Destruction and Confiscation of Private Property ............................................................................................................. 36 6.1.3 Principle of Proportionality ............................................................................................................................................................... 38 6.1.4 Prohibition of Collective Punishment ..................................................................................................................................... 39 6.1.5 Forcible Transfer .................................................................................................................................................................................. 40 6.1.6 Respect for the Human Person ....................................................................................................................................................... 41 6.2 International Human Rights Law .................................................................................................................................................................. 42 6.2.1 Freedom of Movement .................................................................................................................................................................. 42 6.2.2 Right to Work, Food, Health and Education, Family Life and Worship ................................................................ 43 6.2.3 The Right to Self-Determination ................................................................................................................................................. 43 6.3 Public International Law ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 44 6.3.1 The Prohibition of Annexation of Territory by Force ...................................................................................................... 44 7. The International Court of Justice Advisory Opinion ............................................................................................................................................ 45 7.1 Findings ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 46 7.2 Israel’s Legal Obligations under the International Court of Justice Findings .......................................................................... 48 7.3 Third-State Party Responsibility .......................................................................................................................................................................... 51 7.3.1 Litigating the Wall before Foreign Courts: an Avenue for Justice ....................................................................... 52 7.3.1.1 A Legal Challenge to UK Foreign Policy toward Israel .................................................................................. 52 7.3.1.2 The Case Against Riwal: Corporate Complicity in International Crimes .............................................. 53 Glossary Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT): Composed of two discontiguous regions, the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip, the OPT refers to the territory occupied by Israel since the 1967 Six-Day War. Division of the West Bank under the 1995 Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip (also known as the Oslo II Accord): Area A (17 per cent): Under full Palestinian civil and security control. However, since 2002, Israel has retained responsibility for overall security in all areas of the West Bank, and does not abdicate full authority over Area A. Area B (24 per cent): Under full Palestinian civil control and joint Israeli-Palestinian security control. Area C (59 per cent): Under full Israeli control over security, planning and construction. Dunum: A dunum (or dönüm, dunam) is a unit of land area enclosing 1,000 square metres. Land area in the West Bank, Gaza Strip and Israel has been measured in dunums since the era of the British Mandate of Palestine. Annexation Wall: Also referred to as the Separation Barrier/Barrier/Security Fence/Apartheid Wall/ Wall. The International Court of Justice decided to use the term