ADVANCED TEACHING ONLINE Advanced About the Author Teaching William A. Draves is an internationally Fourth Edition recognized teacher, author and consultant, Online and one of the foremost authorities on online learning. More than 6,000 faculty have taken his online courses. He is President of the Learning Resources Network (LERN), the world’s leading association in lifelong and online learning with more than 5,000 members. Draves is the most-quoted expert on lifelong learning by the nation’s media, William A. Draves having been interviewed by The New York Times, BBC, Washington Post, Wall Street Journal, National Public Radio, NBC Nightly News, and Wired.com, among others. William A. Draves He holds a master’s degree in adult education from The George Washington University in Washington, DC. With co-author Julie Coates he has also written Education in the 21st Century, and their classic work Nine Shift: Work, Life and Education in the 21st Century. He is also author of How to Teach Adults and Energizing the Learning Environment. A popular speaker, he has keynoted conferences in Russia, Japan, Australia, England, Slovenia, and throughout Canada and the United States. Draves does on-campus faculty development seminars and has a two-day seminar for college presidents and other senior decision makers in higher education. ISBN 978-1-57722-027-5 90000 > LERN 9 781577 220275 William A. Draves “Draves knows how the Internet is changing the education experience.” Judy Bryan, Culture Editor, Wired News, Wired.com “A must read for administrators, teachers and anyone interested in the power and the future of online learning and teaching.” Jan Wahl, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA “Draves has approached this timely topic in a functional, no-nonsense way. His book is pleasantly void of jargon and annoying filler — he gets down to the issue at hand and approaches it in a refreshing manner.” Greg Johnson, El Segundo, CA “Draves’ hands-on sensibility is useful for those of us that believe we need to stay up on the leading edge of learning. Read this book.” Julia King Tamang, University of Oregon, Portland, OR “What educators need to know now — whether they are exploring possibilities of teaching online, or are already actively engaged in this important medium. A great book!” Rita Martinez-Purson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ “Draves is the most savvy, non-techie Internet guru I have ever known.” Cem Erdem, ADC Telecommunications, a billion-dollar Internet company “This book showed me just what to do to make my own online course enjoyable to teach and successful in the marketplace.” Ron Gross, author of Peak Learning Advanced Teaching Online Fourth Edition William A. Draves Revised fourth edition © 2013, First edition Teaching Online © 2000, by William A. Draves. Second edition © 2002. Third edition © 2007. All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission from the author except in the case of brief quotations in reviews and articles. Manufactured in the United States of America. Published by LERN Books, a division of the Learning Resources Network (LERN), P.O. Box 9, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, U.S.A. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Draves, William A., 1949- Teaching Online, fourth edition ISBN: 1-57722-027-7 Manufactured in the United States of America 5 4 3 2 Dedication Several years ago I discovered that my oldest son, Jason, was more computer literate than I would ever be. I began asking him questions, and then asking his friends questions. I looked over his shoulder at his chat room, watched him develop a part-time business on the Web, and saw him do his homework using the resources of the Web. Jason has been on the cutting edge of life in the Information Age, and I have learned much from him. When Sammie Jackson came to live with us, I was bent on mentoring him through high school. In a few short months it became apparent that I would learn more from him than I could teach him. Sammie understood another culture, another way of thinking, another value system. He also believed that race and culture should make no difference; he judged no one by their color, and he asked the same in return. Sammie has been on the cutting edge of culture in the Information Age, and I have learned much from him. When Willie was just two years old, I took him, his crayons and paper with me while shopping. The store keeper looked at Willie’s drawing and told him he would be an artist some day. Willie looked up and firmly replied, “I am an artist.” A child of the 21st century, Willie can envision space travel while I cannot. He can think about life a million years ago, or hence. He can also draw, make up jokes, and write a great fictional story. Willie is on the cutting edge of art and relationships in the Information Age, and I have learned much from him. I dedicate this book to my three sons, Jason Coates, Sammie Jackson, and Willie Draves, representatives of the online generation who have taught me much about the 21st century. Cover Artwork The artwork on the cover of the book was done by Gina Capaldi of San Dimas, California. It first appeared on the brochure cover of the Los Angeles Harbor College Extension Program in Wilmington, Calif., Carla Mussa- Muldoon, director. Both the artist and the continuing education program have a knack for hitting on important themes in our culture. For this author, the drawing of the Scarecrow on the Internet connected the transition of the last century, as represented by the L.Frank Baum book The Wizard of Oz, with the current transition to the Information Age and learning online. Acknowledgments For this fourth edition of Advanced Teaching Online, I wish to thank the online authorities with whom I have the privilege to work. They include online learning experts Dr. Rita-Marie Conrad, Rena Palloff, Keith Pratt, Les Howles and Mary Dereshiwsky. I also have enjoyed and benefited from the more than 6,000 faculty members who have taken my online courses, as they have contributed much, and dozens of their best ideas are included in the book. And I am particularly indebted to my co-researcher and often co-author Julie Coates, whose work in gender, Asperger’s, retention, and other areas of education is especially pioneering and brilliant. The LERN staff, co-founder Greg Marsello, leaders and consultants continue to be supportive and the best team for which someone could ever hope. Chairs of the Board during this writing include: Paula Hogard, Univer- sity Park, PA; Cheryl Green-Pozner, Quincy, MA; David Reilly, West Palm Beach, FL; Joe Miera, Albuquerque, NM; Perry Harker, Morehead, NC; and Sherry Kuehn, Morgantown, WV. Production was carried out professionally by Stephanie Mason and Suzanne Kart. Advanced Teaching Online Foreword to the Fourth Edition..................................................................... 1 Chapter 1. Lifelong Learning in the 21st Century ........................................ 3 Part I. Learning Online.............................................................................. 7 Chapter 2. How the Internet is Changing How We Learn ............................ 9 Chapter 3. The Brain and Learning ........................................................... 19 Chapter 4. How Young People Learn Differently ....................................... 25 Chapter 5. Gender Differences in Learning ............................................... 31 Chapter 6. Creating Hybrid Courses ........................................................... 35 Part II. Planning Your Online Course.................................................... 43 Chapter 7. The Technology of Online Learning ......................................... 45 Chapter 8. What an Online Classroom Looks Like .................................... 55 Chapter 9. How Knowledge is Organized Online....................................... 63 Chapter 10. Copyright and Intellectual Property ........................................ 73 Chapter 11. Planning Your Online Course ................................................. 83 Part III. Developing Your Content .......................................................... 89 Chapter 12. The Ten-Step Model ................................................................ 91 Chapter 13. Building Online Content ......................................................... 99 Chapter 14. Creating Audio and Video Presentations ............................. 117 Part IV. Creating Assessment and Grading ......................................... 137 Chapter 15. Designing Online Assessment ............................................... 139 Chapter 16. Multiple Assessment .............................................................. 151 Chapter 17. Grading in the 21st Century ................................................... 159 Part V. Interaction: Teaching Your Course ......................................... 165 Chapter 18. Creating Online Interaction ................................................... 167 Chapter 19. Establishing the Learning Environment ................................ 179 Chapter 20. Facilitating Online Discussion .............................................. 193 Chapter 21. Evaluating Your Online Course ............................................ 207 Part VI. Advanced Online Teaching Strategies ................................... 219 Chapter 22. Best Practices in Online Teaching ........................................ 221 Chapter 23. Continual Engagement .........................................................