DOCUMENT RESUME ED 061 064 SE 013 396, TITLE The Third Wave. America's New Conservatidn, Conservation Yearbook No. 3. INSTITUTION Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 66 NOTE 132p. AVAILABLE FRCM Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 ($2.00) EDRS RICE MF-$0.65 HC Not Available fro RS. DESC PTORS *Agency Role; *Annual Reports Conservation Education; *Environment; *Fe eral Programs; Management; *Natural Resou s; Photocomposi=ion; Program Descriptions; Ye oks ABSTRACT Concerned first with/the definition of conservation and its problems, and then with spific actions by the Department of the Interior in response to these ,,r roblems, this 1966 yearbook provides highlights of work done by the 26 bureaus, offices, and/or administrations within the Department. Coverage is broad, relating to many aspects of conservation in the United States in a descriptive, non-technical st-jle. Numerous colored and black and white pictures, graphics, and accompanying narration serve to elaborate the theme of the endless task of restoring the balance of nature, man, and his institutions. Four special color essays are included depicting the ravages of man on the land, endangered wildlife, beauty of the National Parks, and the rising tide of education. (EL) T h nye ...America's New Conservation U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE 0 F EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO- DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIG- INATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPIN- IONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDU- CATION POSITION OR POLICY r 4 4.4 zlar. \ 4 10.A. .0- "A CFront cover and above) Aquia Chem., Inc. Cleaver Brooks Co. Thi d CONSERVATION YEAREAOOK NO- 3 Published by the United States Department of the interio Office of The Seoretaiy A wave of stahlits. den'iiptite Society 2 Ofsurroundings can enrich or impoverish our lives. Thus, conserving and oving our environment can add immeasurably to private and public happiness. Vice-President Hubert H. Humphrey Foreword The Sixties will be memorably marked as years when in favor of building a quality environment man began to restore the balance between himself With the addition of the water quality string to its and his institutions, on the one hand, and his natural en- conservation bow, the Department of the Interior became vironment on the other.Now, at last, the right hand a truly national agency.For more than a century, since wqnts to knowand to claspthe left. its founding in 1849, a transition had been going on. The change in attitude began when we observed that Originally conceived of as a "Home Department," it later we had not just conquered Naturewe had achieved was called "The Department of the West."But today, overkill.We saw supine forests, exhausted rivers, sullen it most often is referred to as a "Department of Natural air, and realized that to the victor belonged only the Resources," and its conservation mission is national. spoiled. Additionally, as almost every agency within rue Depart- We saw that environmental problems are interrelated ment is affected by the new responsibility for water quality .. .that these problems could no longer be fenced off. control, the overall conservation task will be subject to Water and land and air have ways of ignoring "no tres- across-the-board programming. passing" signs and appearing, in every manifestation of It also has been this Department's mission for the past their abuse, on both sides of any arbitrary dividing line. several years to try to beat the bulldozer to the best of From the role of conqueror, man would move toward the our remaining open spaces, and finally we have pulled role of partner. ahead: There are plans to set aside for public pleasure The new, total thinking about conservation problems 1.7 million acres in the 12 months beginning July 1, required an end to traditional approaches if we were to 1966, as compared to the one million acres we will lose repel the rising tide and gathering momentum of en- toindustrial, commercial, and housing developments. vironmental trouble. This represents a net gain of 700,000 acres in our outdoor Knowing this, the President and the Congress in 1966 savings account. took steps to centralize the national conservation, effort. This race for inner space is only one of the many con- The Water Pollution Control Administration was servation responsibilities of the Department of the Interior, placed in the Department of the Interior and given a but, like our new assignment to clean up the Nation's nationwide mandate to clean up this country's most abused waterways, it is an example of the kind of effort we intend natural resourceits streams, rivers, and lakes. to carry out in the humanizing Sixties. Interior was instructed to establish guidelines for water The pages of this booklet are concerned first with a quality, and to see that these guidelines were adhered to definition of conservation and its problems, and then with by users of the Nation's water.Where formerly the specific actions by the Department in response to these Federal Government had invited and exhorted in the problems. interests of water quality, it now was ready, where needed, With water as a primary concern, and with conserva- to compel. tion poised on the threshold of its third historic phase, This responsibility to enforce water quality standards our title, "The Third Wave," is particularly appropriate. manifests no "outside" pressure, but rather represents the Upon this wave, truly, rides our future. expressed wishes of the people of this Nation, acting It is up to conscionable men to decide whether they through their Legislative and Executive branches.It is will wallow about, or will battle to the crest and beyond. only one evidence of the citizen interest and ardor which are making themselves felt, straight across the conserva- tion boardin every fiber and across every grain of environmental concern.The public has taken its stand Secretary of the Interior. 3 cee,v,%;;KKZW.i1W Morning mist im7-the lake in ;Virginiaii -HungryMothir-btate,- Par.:-k ", : =1 -, se Contents 3 Ft:5re Word 7 Introduction 30The Endless Task 31 Water Pollution Centro! Administration 40Office of Water Resources Research 41 Geological Survey 47 Bureau of Reclamation 55Office of Saline Water 56 Bonneville Power Adrninistration 59Soittheastern Power Administration 59Sou' estern Rower Administration 59Burea`u of Commercial Fisheries "..30 66Bureau of Sport Fishe6es and Wildlife 70Bureau Of Outdoor Recreation 84Bureau of Mines BO Office of tho Science AdviSer 88 Bureau of Land Management 94National Park Service 114Bureau of Indian Affairs 121 -.The Virgin Islands 121 Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands 122 Guam 123American Samoa 123 office of Coal Research 123 sOffice of Oil and Gas 123Oil Import Administration 124The Alaska Railroad 124 eoard on Geographic Names 124Office of the Solicitor SPECIAL COLOR ESSAY§ 9 Man was here .,. 71 Going . g ing almost gone! 95A Parade of National Parks 125The Rising -ide 5 Quality of the environment, like freedom, s be protected and achieved anew by each generation, Laurance 5. Rockefeller, President, American Conservation Association Introduction The third wave of conservation has been gathering form Afterthe postwar lullofthe1940'sduring which we and force since the beginning of the Sixties.It began as a gathered our strengtl,verrook our wartime production lag in logical extension of the conservation movementhistorically, consumer goods, and continued to admire our soaring Gross rooted in the mid-19th Century and given fresh impetus and National Productour country again looked to its conservation new goals in the early 20th Century. task.This time, the ecological approach put forth by Marsh If the movement's various crests can be characterized in three in 1864, and the earlier positive Federal program advocated by words, the first would have to be "preservationist,- the second, John Quincy Adams to a deaf country in 1832, began to make -regulatory,"andthethird still gathering momentum- sensein a very literal, personal, eveu intimate wayto the -ecological." majority of Americans. Conservation with an ecological emphasis is a way of happily The first stirring of the third wave, early in the Sixties, was relating man to his natural resources.The white man's occu- marked by the ecological message of interdependency starkly pancy of this continent, with its particular set of resources, written by such dramatic conservatioq failures as the Mississippi began 350 years ago, and his way of relating to these resources fishkill and the death-dealing D000ra, Pennsylvania, smog was dictated at first by the wild condition of the land.There tragedy.It became apparent that the web of lifeis as total was nothing whatsoever of a land ethic: He simply ripped and as the web of environment.The interdependence of these two tore and gouged and slashed what he needed from a seemingly comprises "ecology." endless supply.In the process, he killed, ruthlessly.He lost As the web of environment is brought into view, we are many people in char early struggle with Nature, so every time forced to abandon narrow preoccupation with such isolated Nature lost a battle he quite naturally regarded ir as a victory conservation categories as forests, wildlife, minerals and water. for himself. We recognize their interdependency and the need to consider It was thenthat hetalked about progressin terms of expansionso many people, so many towns, so many ships,