The variable celestial objects detected by Gaia and their data platform Laurent Eyer, Krzysztof Nienartowicz, CU7/DPCG Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva & CU5, DPAC Consortium Monday, 27 June 2019 The variable celestial objects detected by Gaia and their data platform Laurent Eyer, Krzysztof Nienartowicz, CU7/DPCG Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva & CU5, DPAC Consortium Monday, 27 June 2019 Introduction Introduction Large surveys Introduction Large surveys Gaia, LSST, ZTF, OGLE, Catalina, PanSTARRS … Introduction Large surveys Gaia, LSST, ZTF, OGLE, Catalina, PanSTARRS … Exo-planet / asterosismology from space Introduction Large surveys Gaia, LSST, ZTF, OGLE, Catalina, PanSTARRS … Exo-planet / asterosismology from space CoRoT, K2/Kepler, TESS, MOST, BRITE, CHEOPS Introduction Large surveys Gaia, LSST, ZTF, OGLE, Catalina, PanSTARRS … Exo-planet / asterosismology from space CoRoT, K2/Kepler, TESS, MOST, BRITE, CHEOPS Ground based projects Introduction Large surveys Gaia, LSST, ZTF, OGLE, Catalina, PanSTARRS … Exo-planet / asterosismology from space CoRoT, K2/Kepler, TESS, MOST, BRITE, CHEOPS Ground based projects ASAS-SN, ASAS, HAT, HATPI, SuperWasp, … Introduction Large surveys Gaia, LSST, ZTF, OGLE, Catalina, PanSTARRS … Exo-planet / asterosismology from space CoRoT, K2/Kepler, TESS, MOST, BRITE, CHEOPS Ground based projects ASAS-SN, ASAS, HAT, HATPI, SuperWasp, … Ground based telescopes for follow-ups Introduction Large surveys Gaia, LSST, ZTF, OGLE, Catalina, PanSTARRS … Exo-planet / asterosismology from space CoRoT, K2/Kepler, TESS, MOST, BRITE, CHEOPS Ground based projects ASAS-SN, ASAS, HAT, HATPI, SuperWasp, … Ground based telescopes for follow-ups Many… Introduction Large surveys Gaia, LSST, ZTF, OGLE, Catalina, PanSTARRS … Exo-planet / asterosismology from space CoRoT, K2/Kepler, TESS, MOST, BRITE, CHEOPS Ground based projects ASAS-SN, ASAS, HAT, HATPI, SuperWasp, … Ground based telescopes for follow-ups Many… Focus on Gaia The “Time Domain” revolution for variable objects 150'000'000 108 (estimate)(estimate) 107 7'000'000 (estimate)(estimate) 1'500'000 106 1'000'000 430'000 550'737 240'000 5 110'000 10 4 11'597 10 3'194 103 Hipparcos Catalina Pan-STARRS ATLAS OGLE SuperWasp DR1 DR2 DR3 DR4 1997 2017 ———— 2017 2018 2018 2016 2018 2021 2023 ? Courtesy of B.Holl The “Time Domain” revolution for variable objects 150'000'000 108 (estimate)(estimate) 107 7'000'000 (estimate)(estimate) 1'500'000 106 1'000'000 430'000 550'737 240'000 5 110'000 10 4 11'597 10 3'194 103 Hipparcos Catalina Pan-STARRS ATLAS OGLE SuperWasp DR1 DR2 DR3 DR4 1997 2017 ———— 2017 2018 2018 2016 2018 2021 2023 ? Courtesy of B.Holl Gaia is really unique Entire sky with one set of instruments Gaia is really unique Entire sky with one set of instruments Astrometry Spectro/photometry G, integrated BP/RP, BP/RP spectra Spectroscopy Gaia is really unique Entire sky with one set of instruments Astrometry Spectro/photometry G, integrated BP/RP, BP/RP spectra Spectroscopy Photometric range (3 < G < 20.7) and precision ( few mmag) Gaia is really unique Entire sky with one set of instruments Astrometry Spectro/photometry G, integrated BP/RP, BP/RP spectra Spectroscopy Photometric range (3 < G < 20.7) and precision ( few mmag) Simultaneous measurements Gaia is really unique Entire sky with one set of instruments Astrometry Spectro/photometry G, integrated BP/RP, BP/RP spectra Spectroscopy Photometric range (3 < G < 20.7) and precision ( few mmag) Simultaneous measurements Semi-regular sampling (spectral window is quite good!) Gaia is really unique Entire sky with one set of instruments Astrometry Spectro/photometry G, integrated BP/RP, BP/RP spectra Spectroscopy Photometric range (3 < G < 20.7) and precision ( few mmag) Simultaneous measurements Semi-regular sampling (spectral window is quite good!) Impressive numbers (June 20, 2019): Gaia is really unique Entire sky with one set of instruments Astrometry Spectro/photometry G, integrated BP/RP, BP/RP spectra Spectroscopy Photometric range (3 < G < 20.7) and precision ( few mmag) Simultaneous measurements Semi-regular sampling (spectral window is quite good!) Impressive numbers (June 20, 2019): Gaia is really unique Entire sky with one set of instruments Astrometry Spectro/photometry G, integrated BP/RP, BP/RP spectra Spectroscopy Photometric range (3 < G < 20.7) and precision ( few mmag) Simultaneous measurements Semi-regular sampling (spectral window is quite good!) Impressive numbers (June 20, 2019): Gaia is really unique Entire sky with one set of instruments Astrometry Spectro/photometry G, integrated BP/RP, BP/RP spectra Spectroscopy Photometric range (3 < G < 20.7) and precision ( few mmag) Simultaneous measurements Semi-regular sampling (spectral window is quite good!) Impressive numbers (June 20, 2019): Science Alerts: coordinated by Cambridge Univ. 8’505 Alerts h"p://gsaweb.ast.cam.ac.uk/alerts Science Alerts: an example Gaia16aye Full orbital solution of the binary in the microlensing event Gaia16aye Science Alerts: an example Gaia16aye Full orbital solution of the binary in the microlensing event Gaia16aye Wyrzykowski et al. 2019 Science Alerts: an example Gaia16aye ~30 mid-size telescopes follow-up Wyrzykowski et al. 2019 Variable star catalogue of Gaia second Data Release DR2 (April 2018): 550,737 stars Holl et al. 2018 Classification & SOS: CEP source_id: 4660498360447427840 period: 10.441275 d 13.5 14.3 14.7 13.7 G: 108 (5) G : 106 (0) G : 106 (0) 14.4 14.8 BP 13.8 RP 14.0 14.5 14.9 13.9 14.6 15.0 14.0 14.5 14.7 15.1 14.1 14.8 15.2 14.2 15.0 14.9 15.3 14.3 magnitude 15.0 15.4 14.4 15.5 15.1 15.5 14.5 15.2 15.6 14.6 16.0 15.3 15.7 14.7 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 BJD - 2455197.5 (TCB) phase phase phase Variable star catalogue of Gaia second Data Release DR2 (April 2018): 550,737 stars Holl et al. 2018 Rotation δ Scuti & Short Long Period RR Lyrae stars modulation SX Phoenicis timescale Variables Cepheids 229K (42%) stars stars variables 152K (28%) 11K (2%) 148K (27%) 9K (2%) 3K (0.5%) Classification & SOS: CEP source_id: 4660498360447427840 period: 10.441275 d 13.5 14.3 14.7 13.7 G: 108 (5) G : 106 (0) G : 106 (0) 14.4 14.8 BP 13.8 RP 14.0 14.5 14.9 13.9 14.6 15.0 14.0 14.5 14.7 15.1 14.1 14.8 15.2 14.2 15.0 14.9 15.3 14.3 magnitude 15.0 15.4 14.4 15.5 15.1 15.5 14.5 15.2 15.6 14.6 16.0 15.3 15.7 14.7 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 BJD - 2455197.5 (TCB) phase phase phase Variable star catalogue of Gaia second Data Release DR2 (April 2018): 550,737 stars Holl et al. 2018 Rotation δ Scuti & Short Long Period RR Lyrae stars modulation SX Phoenicis timescale Variables Cepheids 229K (42%) stars stars variables 152K (28%) 11K (2%) 148K (27%) 9K (2%) 3K (0.5%) Classification: MIRA_SR & SOS Long Period Variable (new) source_id: 4116646507344979584 period: 276.14272 d 11 14 9 Classification & SOS: CEP G: 18source_id: (0) 4660498360447427840G : 17 (0) period: 10.441275G : d16 (0) 11 13.5 14.3 14.7 BP 13.7 RP G: 108 (5) GBP: 106 (0) GRP: 106 (0) 12 14.412 14.815 13.8 10 14.0 14.5 14.9 13.9 13 14.6 15.0 14.0 13 16 11 1414.5 14.7 15.1 14.1 15 14.8 15.2 14.2 magnitude 15.0 14.914 15.317 14.3 12 16magnitude 15.0 15.4 14.4 17 15.5 15.115 15.518 14.5 13 18 15.2 15.6 14.6 16.01700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 15.30 0.5 1.0 1.515.7 0 0.5 1.0 1.514.7 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 BJD - 2455197.5 (TCB) phase phase phase A movie HR diagram https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OodCR9BWqPQ&t=7s Motions in the Colour-Absolute Magnitude Diagram Motions in the Colour-Absolute Magnitude Diagram Gaia Collabora?on, Eyer et al. 2019 An other movie Variable stars in HR diagram https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pcy4U5uvL8I Fraction of variable stars with Gaia in HR diagramme Gaia Collaboration, Eyer et al. 2019 Fraction of variable stars with Gaia in HR diagramme Gaia Collaboration, Eyer et al. 2019 Selection of variable white dwarfs from DR2 Catalogue of White Dwarfs of Gentile-Fusillo et al 2018 Selection of ~260,000 stars Selection of ~260,000 stars Standard deviation on the magnitude Standard G mean magntiude Selection of variable white dwarfs from DR2 ~5,000 stars Standard deviation on the magnitude Standard G mean magntiude Variable white dwarf candidate from DR2: Sky Plot Galactic coordinates 90 12h00 12h00 60 60 30 30 18h00 6h00 0 0 0h00 -30 -30 -60 -60 12h00 12h00 -90 Variable white dwarf candidate from DR2: Sky Plot Galactic coordinates 90 12h00 12h00 60 60 30 30 18h00 6h00 0 0 0h00 -30 -30 -60 -60 12h00 12h00 -90 Variable white dwarf candidate from DR2: Sky Plot Galactic coordinates 90 12h00 12h00 60 60 30 30 18h00 6h00 0 0 0h00 -30 -30 -60 -60 12h00 12h00 -90 Variable white dwarfs in Hertzsprung-Russell Diag.