Nonpoint Source Implementation Plan for the Upper East River Watershed Prepared by: Outagamie County Land Conservation and Brown County Land & Water Conservation Departments March 2016 (This page intentionally left blank) Nonpoint Source Implementation Plan for Upper East River Watershed Prepared By: Outagamie County Land Conservation Department 3365 W. Brewster St. Appleton, WI 54914 & Brown County Land and Water Conservation Department 1150 Bellevue St. Green Bay, WI 54302 Final: March 2016 (This page intentionally left blank) Table of Contents List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ iii List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. v List of Appendices ......................................................................................................................... vi Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... vii Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................... ix 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Upper East River Watershed Setting .................................................................................... 1 1.2 Purpose .................................................................................................................................. 2 1.3 US EPA Watershed Plan Requirements ............................................................................... 3 1.4 Prior Studies, Projects, and Existing Resource Management and Comprehensive Plans .... 4 1.5 Wisconsin Ecoregion ............................................................................................................ 6 1.7 Climate .................................................................................................................................. 7 1.6 Topology and geology .......................................................................................................... 8 1.8 Soil Characteristics ............................................................................................................. 10 2.0 Watershed Jurisdictions, Demographics, and Transportation Network.................................. 13 2.1 Watershed Jurisdictions ...................................................................................................... 13 2.2 Jurisdictional Roles and Responsibilities............................................................................ 15 2.3 Transportation ..................................................................................................................... 16 2.4 Population Demographics ................................................................................................... 17 3.0 Land Use/Land Cover ............................................................................................................. 19 3.1 Existing Land Use/Land Cover ........................................................................................... 19 3.2 Crop Rotation ...................................................................................................................... 21 3.3 Natural Areas & Recreational Areas ................................................................................... 23 4.0 Water Quality .......................................................................................................................... 25 4.1 Designated Use and Impairments ....................................................................................... 25 4.2 Point Sources ...................................................................................................................... 26 4.3 Nonpoint Sources ................................................................................................................ 27 4.4 Water Quality Monitoring................................................................................................... 28 5.0 Pollutant Loading Model ........................................................................................................ 35 i 6.0 Watershed Inventory ............................................................................................................... 39 6.1 Barnyard Inventory Results ................................................................................................ 39 6.2 Streambank Inventory Results ............................................................................................ 41 6.3 Upland Inventory ................................................................................................................ 50 7.0 Watershed Goals and Management Objectives ...................................................................... 71 8.0 Management Measures Implementation ................................................................................. 73 9.0 Load Reductions ..................................................................................................................... 79 10.0 Information and Education ................................................................................................... 83 10.1 Alliance for the Great Lakes Survey ................................................................................. 83 10.2 Recommended Information and Education Campaigns ................................................... 86 11.0 Cost Analysis ........................................................................................................................ 95 12.0 Funding Sources.................................................................................................................... 99 12.1 Federal and State Funding Sources ................................................................................... 99 12.2 Adaptive Management and Water Quality Trading ........................................................ 100 12.3 Phosphorus Multi- Discharger Variance (Wisconsin Act 378) ...................................... 101 13.0 Measuring Plan Progress and Success ................................................................................ 103 13.1 Water Quality Monitoring............................................................................................... 103 13.2 Tracking of Progress and Success of Plan ...................................................................... 109 13.3 Progress Evaluation ........................................................................................................ 111 14.0 Literature Cited ................................................................................................................... 115 ii List of Figures Figure 1. Upper East River Watershed. .......................................................................................... 1 Figure 2. East River emptying into Fox River in City of Green Bay. Photo Credit: Steve Ryan (Ryan Photography) ........................................................................................................................ 2 Figure 3. Map of Ecoregions of Wisconsin. Source: Omerik, et al 2000. ...................................... 6 Figure 4. Climate data for Wisconsin. Source: NOAA National Weather Service Forecast Office Milwaukee/Sullivan 2010 & 2010b. ............................................................................................... 7 Figure 5. Ice Age Geology of Wisconsin. ©Mountain Press, 2004................................................ 8 Figure 6. Digital Elevation Model. ................................................................................................. 9 Figure 7. Soil Hydrologic Groups. ................................................................................................ 11 Figure 8. Soil Erodibility. ............................................................................................................. 12 Figure 9. Watershed Jurisdictions ................................................................................................. 14 Figure 10. Transportation.............................................................................................................. 16 Figure 11. NLCD 2011 Land Use. ................................................................................................ 20 Figure 12. Crop rotations based on years 2009-2013. .................................................................. 22 Figure 13. Impaired stream segments. .......................................................................................... 25 Figure 14. East River from Hwy 54/57 Bridge in Green Bay, WI July 2012. Credits: Google ... 28 Figure 15. Current and past USGS East River Monitoring Sites. ................................................. 29 Figure 16. Monthly statistics from WY 2004-2007 at USGS Station at Monroe St., Green Bay, WI (USGS 040851378)................................................................................................................. 30 Figure 17. Suspended Sediment and Phosphorus Concentrations from 2012-2015 at USGS Station at Cty Hwy ZZ near Greanleaf, WI (USGS 04085108). .................................................. 31 Figure 18. Median summer (May-October) Total Phosphorus and