Ideas and Evidence at the Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences Teacher’s Booklet Acknowledgements Shawn Peart Secondary Consultant Annette Shelford Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences Paul Dainty Great Cornard Upper School Sarah Taylor St. James Middle School David Heap Westley Middle School Thanks also to Dudley Simons for photography and processing of the images of objects and exhibits at the Sedgwick Museum, and to Adrienne Mayor for kindly allowing us to use her mammoth and monster images (see picture credits). Picture Credits Page 8 “Bag of bones” activity adapted from an old resource, source unknown. Page 8 Iguanodon images used in the interpretation of the skeleton picture resource from www.dinohunters.com Page 9 Mammoth skeleton images from ‘The First Fossil Hunters’ by Adrienne Mayor, Princeton University Press ISBN: 0-691-05863 with kind permission of the author Page 9 Both paintings of Mary Anning from the collections of the Natural History Museum © Natural History Museum, London 1 Page 12 Palaeontologists Picture from the photographic archive of the Sedgwick Museum © Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences Page 14 Images of Iguanodon from www.dinohunters.com Page 15 “Duria Antiquior - a more ancient Dorsetshire” by Henry de la Beche from the collection of the National Museums and Galleries of Wales © National Museum of Wales Page 17 Images of Deinotherium giganteum skull cast © Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences Page 19 Image of red sandstone slab © Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences 2 Introduction Ideas and evidence was introduced as an aspect of school science after the review of the National Curriculum in 2000. Until the advent of the National Strategy for Science it was an area that was often not planned for explicitly. Current changes to GCSE science mean that the emphasis has moved away from the giving of facts to be recalled in the exam hall to a process where we are aiming to develop pupils’ scientific thinking. Key Stage three science is being reviewed at the moment, the new programme of study will strengthen this aspect of science to reflect the changes made at GCSE. This project came out of a discussion between Annette Shelford and myself at the launch of the Science Learning Centre for the Eastern Region. The Sedgwick Museum contains an interesting array of exhibits that are a valuable resource for the teaching of ideas and evidence. The pack of materials looks at the teaching of ideas and evidence in the contexts of rocks and fossils. The work in this pack concentrates on delivering the following objectives from Key stage three science ideas and evidence: Pupils should be taught: • that it is important to test explanations by using them to make predictions and by seeing if evidence matches the predictions • About the ways in which scientists work today and how they worked in the past, including the roles of experimentation, evidence and creative thought in the development of scientific ideas. The pack consists of two lessons prior to the visit to the Museum; these lessons set the scene for the visit. At the Museum pupils will take part in a circus of six activities. The pupils will be guided through their work by using the pupil booklet. The pack includes a third lesson to be taught after the visit to the Museum. This lesson allows pupils to consolidate the work they did at the Museum. Shawn Peart Secondary Consultant Suffolk County Council 3 The Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences is a part of the Department of Earth Science at the University of Cambridge. The oldest of the University Museums in Cambridge, it exists to promote access to and stimulate learning through the collections in its care, and has a long history of being a friendly and accessible place of education for the whole community. The Sedgwick Museum is a unique resource because of the highly specific nature of its collections and exhibitions. While geological collections (fossils, rocks and minerals) are often restricted to a single small exhibition space in local museums, the Sedgwick Museum is entirely dedicated to this subject area, allowing visitors to see an amazing range of objects collected from all over the world, though in particular the British Isles, and spanning the whole history of our planet and life on it. The unique gallery layout provides an opportunity to walk through time and gain an insight into the complex concepts of geological time and the changing face and environments of the Earth. New exhibitions explore geological processes such as volcanism, plate tectonics, weathering and the rock cycle. During the development of new exhibitions, the Museum team has tried to ensure that all scientific ideas and concepts are presented with evidence to support them, mostly in the form of objects from the collections, but also images, text and data. Interpretive labels throughout the exhibitions are presented as idea and evidence statements. I am delighted that the teaching of science at KS 3 and 4 has become more focused on training pupils to think scientifically, and very glad that this opens up opportunities for exploring science through new routes, and in particular putting earth sciences, with all the amazing visual and tactile stimuli which come with it back into secondary science. Annette Shelford Education Officer Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences 4 5 Planning a visit to the Sedgwick Museum Contact Details Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ Tel: (01223) 333456 (general enquires) or (01223) 766079 (education officer) E: [email protected] (general enquires) or [email protected] (education officer) Online: www.sedgwickmuseum.org Opening times Monday – Friday 10.00 – 13.00, 14.00 – 17.00 Saturday 10.00 – 16.00 The Museum is closed during Christmas week and Bank Holidays. Please check the Museum website for other unscheduled closures. How to get to the Museum The Museum is situated in the Department of Earth Sciences on the Downing Site on Downing Street in central Cambridge. The bus station is approximately a five minute walk, the railway station in about a twelve minute walk. A coach drop-off point is available on Downing Street directly opposite the Museum outside Crowne Plaza Hotel. Booking Provisional bookings can be made via the telephone and email. Bookings will be confirmed by the education officer in writing (post or email). Please try to book at least thirty days in advance particularly for a taught session with the education officer, the Museum can only accommodate one school party at a time and is very busy at certain times of the year. If you have not visited the Museum before, teachers are recommended to also book a pre-visit meeting at the Museum with the education officer for training, orientation and planning. These can occasionally be booked outside of opening hours or on Saturdays. Please ask. Numbers We can reasonably accommodate parties of up to 35 pupils in a single visit. Please conform to your LEA guidelines in terms of pupil/ adult ratios for trips. 6 Entry charges Entry to the Museum and use of services and resources is free of charge. We welcome donations of around £1 per head from parties visiting the Museum; this money helps to cover the cost of producing and printing leaflets and worksheets, as well as helping to sustain gallery resources such as the handling trolley. Facilities available in the Museum Toilets There is a toilet with baby-changing facilities in the Museum near the main entrance opposite the shop. A wheelchair accessible toilet is available on the ground floor of the Earth Sciences Department. Eating Sorry, we do not have a lunch room at the Sedgwick Museum. In good weather packed lunches can be eaten on the Archaeology Lawn 100m from the Museum within the Downing site. Access Wheelchair access is available through the Department of Earth science, though this is limited by a small lift. Please ask for more details when you book. Museum staff are trained to work with visually impaired people and guide dogs are permitted. Storage There is a coat rack inside the porch of the Museum for hanging up bags and coats. Valuable items should not be left, as we do not have secure storage. Safety and appropriate behaviour during visits It is the responsibility of the group leader to make sure that the pupils are aware of safety points relevant to their visit and that behaviour and conduct should be of a high standard equal to that expected at school. Other adult helpers should also be made aware that it is their shared responsibility to maintain these standards during the visit. A risk assessment for groups visiting the Museum is available on request from the Education Officer or can be downloaded from the website. The Museum is a shared working environment where academic research and private study takes place, as well as family, tourist and school visits. As such, it is appreciated if noise can be kept to a reasonable level to prevent disruption to those working in offices nearby and other visitors. Whispering is not necessary, normal classroom voices are perfect. 7 Mobile phones should be turned off or switched to silent during taught sessions. Please do not eat or drink in the Museum. The Museum is a non-smoking building. 8 Lesson one Learning Objective: Pupils will:- • Understand that scientists have to know how to ask questions to gather information • Understand that there is often more than one solution to a problem and that science is not about right answers It is anticipated that the pupils will be familiar with the outline of the project and their visit to the Sedgwick Museum before the start of this first lesson.