Lunar Surface Innovation Consortium : Surface Power Focus Group January 28 Group Telecon Lunar Design Reference Mission using a Dynamic RPS Paul Ostdiek, PhD JHU/APL Program Manager Pre-Decisional Information – For Planning and Discussion Purposes Only Power to… EXPLORE DISCOVER UNDERSTAND LSIC | Jan. 28, 2021 2 PERSEVERANCE Voyager 1 & 2 APOLLO LUNAR SURFACE EXPERIMENTS PACKAGE (ALSEP) DRAGONFLY (PROPOSED) TRIDENT New Horizons LSIC | Jan. 28, 2021 3 Technology Investments Enable New Radioisotope Generators MMRTG Next Gen RTG DRPS Multi-Mission Deep Space Multi-Mission Radioisotope Power Radioisotope Power Dynamic Radioisotope System System Power System LSIC | Jan. 28, 2021 4 Innovative energy conversion investments to provide power in the deep craters of the moon to enable spacecraft to survive the long, dark, and cold lunar night. Dynamic Radioisotope Power System (DRPS) could achieve efficiencies on the order of 3-4 times greater than the current state of the art, Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (RTG). A demonstration unit on the moon could prove the use of dynamic power in space, making DRPS an excellent candidate to enable specific missions that could not be achieved any other way. LSIC | Jan. 28, 2021 5 Multi-Mission DRPS Requirements • Requirements (SRD, ERD) developed using the SMT to meet exploration mission center needs (APL, GSFC, JPL) while considering DOE specific requirements • May be tailored for a 1st mission (i.e. Lunar application design life is only 2 years) • On track to released procurement for Multi-Mission design verified to a Lunar Demonstration. Working to ensure requirements are complete via DRMs Parameter DRPS P0, BOL (We) 300 to 400 Efficiency = P0/Q*100 (%) 20 to 25% BOL Specific Power = P0/m (We/kg) 2 to 3 Q, BOL (Wth) 1500 Mass (kg) 100 to 200 Europa Annual power degradation averaged over flight Credit: NASA/JPL 1.3 design life, r (%/yr) -rt PBOM, P=P0*e (We), t=3 yrs 289 to 385 Fueled storage life, t (years) 3 -rt PEODL, P=P0*e (We), t=17 yrs 241 to 321 Titan Flight Design Life, t (yrs) 14 Credit: NASA/JPL Design Life, t (yrs) 17 Allowable Flight Voltage Envelope (V) 22 to 36 Planetary Atmospheres (Y/N) Y Lunar (Far side & S. Aitken Basin) Credit: NASA LSIC | Jan. 28, 2021 6 Study Charter / Guidelines This Study is not yet finished • Purpose – Develop an initial reference mission architecture: • Given: DRPS designed / built to full multi-mission requirements, but validated to lunar-specific requirements • Action: Outline a concept for a potential lunar demonstration mission flight of a DRPS • Study Team: RPS Program Surrogate Mission Team (SMT) – NASA GRC & GSFC, JPL, INL, APL • Project Risk Class: D (NPR 8705.4); tailored. • Lunar DRM Mission Life: 20 months (1.7 yrs) post-launch, with potential for extended DRPS operation of up to 14 years. • Lunar DRM: 32 months (2.7 yrs), with one year of pre-launch storage after fueling. • Multi-mission DRPS design life per RPS-REQ-0137 (3.1.4): 14-year mission after three years of pre-launch fueled storage. • Destination: Lunar south pole and its permanently shaded regions (PSR). • Baseline a DRPS-enabled JPL Long Lived Lunar ATHLETE (L3) rover – 6-leg option baselined • Science mission with drill is required – VIPER class minimum, upgrade considered • Examine feasibility for use of CLPS Lander for delivery to lunar surface. • Consider tentative launch opportunities in 2029 LSIC | Jan. 28, 2021 Pre-Decisional Information – For Planning and Discussion Purposes Only 7 L3 Rover: DRPS Lunar Demo DRM Accommodations and Assumptions • Single string, Class D • Rover does not need to offload itself from lander; ramps, lift, etc. provided by CLPS. • 1 meter ground clearance • 4-leg variant saves mass but sacrifices maneuverability. • Science payload-specific accommodations [TBD] not included in design. • Rover avionics would be capable of supporting DRPS command and telemetry interface requirements as specified in the DRPS SRD. • Included rover navigation cameras are CAD Concept capable of satisfying science mapping objectives [TBR]. LSIC | Jan. 28, 2021 Pre-Decisional Information – For Planning and Discussion Purposes Only 8 DRM Architecture: Lunar Surface Segment – Science Payload Base Payload Option: Enhanced Payload Option: • Reflight of VIPER Payload • APL PIPELiNE Decadal Concept Study Instrument Description Mass Peak Instrument Description Mass Peak Power (kg) * Power (W) (kg) * (W) NSS Neutron 2.0 10 NS Neutron Spec. 1.9 1.5 Spectrometer GCMS Gas Chrom. Mass 15 60 NIRVSS Two-channel 3.6 24 Spectrometer near-IR point spectrometer IRS IR Spectrometer 4 30 MSolo Mass 7.5 40 Drill 1-meter depth 18 175 Spectrometer SHS Spatial Heterodyne 1 6 TRIDENT 1-m drill for 18 100 Spec. subsurface sampling Raman Raman Spec. 7.2 15.5 https://www1.grc.nasa.gov/space/pesto/instrument-technologies-current/nasa-provided-lunar-payloads/ GPR Ground 6 10 Penetrating Radar * Note: Reported payload masses are assumed to be CBE values for this DRM study [TBR]. Further investigation and analysis is required to more precisely define IS Ion Spectrometer 5 9 individual mass values and margins based on current TRLs for individual instruments. Assumption of CBE values provides the more conservative PIPELiNE = Polar Ice Prospecting Explorer for Lunar No-Light Environments estimate pending further information. LSIC | Jan. 28, 2021 Pre-Decisional Information – For Planning and Discussion Purposes Only 9 Surface Mission Concept of Operations Overview • Survey while roving to locate high sub-surface H areas, “cold and old” PSRs. • Perform site analyses with drill: sample at 10cm depth increments, observe pilings with IR spectrometry. • Potential for ingesting sample for composition analysis with an extended payload. • Make measurements of volatile composition, abundance, and physical form; map the distribution on meter scale; relate all measurements to environmental parameters. • Traverse to multiple sites and conduct survey over minimum 20-month (1.7yr) period. • DRPS provides continuous power enabling day/night operation and potential extended excursions into PSRs [max. duration TBD]. • Extended exploration of PSRs likely limited by communications (i.e., Earth line-of-sight or availability of relay assets in 2029) and/or rover autonomous driving capability (cost and risk impacts TBD). LSIC | Jan. 28, 2021 Pre-Decisional Information – For Planning and Discussion Purposes Only 10 Conclusions: • Mass: Beyond medium-class CLPS capability: • Fully margined (~43% over CBE) configuration options exceed the maximum landed mass capability for known medium-class CLPS lander options (~500 kg) available in the 2023 timeframe. It is not clear what capability is planned for 2029. • Power: OK [TBR] • Preliminary conclusion: specifications are sufficient to enable this concept • Environment: Multi-Mission specification is OK • Nothing expected to exceed DRPS environmental requirements / typical applications regarding deep-space operation in vacuum; however, need more detailed mission planner’s information is required from CLPS providers [TBR]. • DRPS carries less heat source, uses it more efficiently than an RTG, less “waste heat” injected into the PSR environment being studied. Some waste heat is available to warm sensitive instruments or help with ISRU. • DRPS enables a free-maneuver exploration strategy not tethered to a remote power generation system (solar/battery/fission) • A follow-on study will need to examine potential options [TBR]: • Obtain better estimates from providers for CLPS landed mass capabilities expected in 2029. • Reconsider science mission requirements and extent of payload complement. • Refine current mass estimates for key flight system elements. LSIC | Jan. 28, 2021 Pre-Decisional Information – For Planning and Discussion Purposes Only 11 NASA NASA @NASA NASA POWER TO EXPLORE https://rps.nasa.gov.