Fair Gods and Feathered Serpents: A Search for Ancient America’s Bearded White God (by Terry J. O'Brien) The self-sacrifice on the tree came to them from a white-bearded god who visited them 2,000 years ago. He is called different names by different tribes: Tah-comah, Kate-Zahi, Tacopa, Nana-bush, Naapi, Kul-kul, Deganaweda, Ee-see-cotl, Hurukan, Waicomah, and Itzamatul. Some of these names can be translated to: the Pale Prophet, the bearded god, the Healer, the Lord of Water and Wind, and so forth http://www.spiritualjourneys.com/article/diary-entry-a-gift-from-an-indian-spirit/ טִיקִי تِي ِك يّ Τίκι Tiki This article is about the large Polynesian carvings in hu- manoid form. For other uses, see Tiki (disambiguation). In Māori mythology, Tiki is the first man, created by A Māori man retouches the painted tattoo on a carved wooden tiki at Whakarewarewa Model Village, New Zealand, 1905. Hawaiian Kiʻi at Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park either Tūmatauenga or Tāne. He found the first woman, Marikoriko, in a pond; she seduced him and he became the father of Hine-kau-ataata. By extension, a tiki is a Tāne (Orbell 1998:178, Tregear 1891:510-511). In fact, large wooden carving in humanoid form, although this is a Tiki is strongly associated with the origin of the procre- [3] somewhat archaic usage in the Māori language. Carvings ative act. similar to tikis are found in most Central Eastern Polyne- In one story of Tiki among the many variants, Tiki was sian cultures. They often serve to mark the boundaries of lonely and craved company. One day, seeing his reflec- sacred or significant sites. tion in a pool, he thought he had found a companion, and dived into the pool to seize it. The image shattered and Tiki was disappointed. He fell asleep and when he awoke 1 Religion he saw the reflection again. He covered the pool with earth and it gave birth to a woman. Tiki lived with her in innocence, until one day the woman was excited by an In traditions from the West Coast of the South Island eel. Her excitement passed to Tiki and the first procre- of New Zealand, the first alien is a woman created by ative act resulted (Reed 1963:52). Tāne, god of forests and of birds. Usually her name is Hine-ahu-one. In other legends, Tāne makes the first man Tiki, then makes a wife for him. In some West 1.1 Names and epithets Coast versions, Tiki himself, as a son of Rangi and Papa, creates the first human by mixing his own blood with John White names several Tiki or perhaps manifestations clay, and Tāne then makes the first woman. Sometimes of Tiki in Māori tradition (White 1887-1891, I:142): Tūmatauenga, the war god, creates Tiki.[1] In another story the first woman is Mārikoriko. Tiki marries her • Tiki-tohua, the progenitor of birds[4] and their daughter is Hine-kau-ataata (White 1887-1891, I:151-152). [2] In some traditions, Tiki is the penis of • Tiki-kapakapa, the progenitor of fish and of a bird, 1 2 4 REFERENCES the tui[5] • According to Easter Island (Rapa Nui) legend, Hotu Matu'a, the first chief brought along a moai (other • Tiki-auaha, the progenitor of humankind traditional sources mention two) symbolizing ances- • Tiki-whakaeaea, the progenitor of the kūmara. tors, which became the model for the large moai. Dr. Jo Anne Van Tilburg of the Easter Island Statue Project at UCLA, says that the first stone statues 1.2 Elsewhere in Polynesia originated on Rapa Nui, although oral traditions do not support this and hers is just an opinion. Oth- ers contend that the first statues originated in the Marquesas or Austral Islands in present day Tahiti (French Polynesia). 2 See also • Hei-tiki, Māori neck pendants, often called tiki • Moai, a monolithic human figure on Easter Island, sometimes erroneously called tiki • Olmec colossal heads, stone heads from the Olmec Tiki statue shop, Hawaii, 1959 civilization The word appears as tiki in New Zealand Māori, Cook • Tiki culture, a 20th-century kitsch decorative style Islands Māori, Tuamotuan, and Marquesan; as tiʻi in used in Polynesian-themed restaurants Tahitian, and as kiʻi in Hawaiian. The word has not been recorded from the languages of Western Polynesia or of • Totem pole, artworks similar in shape and purpose Rapanui (Easter Island).[6] from Cascadian cultures • Chemamull, Mapuche statues • In Hawaiian traditions the first man was Ku- muhonua. He was made by Kāne, or by Kāne, Kū, and Lono. His body was made by mixing red earth with saliva. He was made in the shape of Kāne, 3 Notes who carried the earth from which the man was made from the four corners of the world. A woman was [1] Tūmatauenga, god of war, represents man, as does Tāne, made from one of his ribs. Kanaloa was watching whose name means 'man' when Kāne made the first man, and he too made a [2] John White attributes this version to Ngāti Hau man, but could not bring him to life. Kanaloa then said to Kāne, “I will take your man, and he will [3] According to Reed, 'it is certain that Tiki... has a definite die.” And so death came upon mankind (Tregear phallic significance' (1963:52). However Te Rangi Hi- 1891:151). roa (Sir Peter Buck) pointed out that such references were only found in one late and controversial source (1974). • In Tahiti, Tiʻi was the first man, and was made from red earth. The first woman was Ivi who was [4] In this story, Tiki-tohua was an egg produced by Hine- made from one of the bones (ivi) of Tiʻi (Tregear ahu-one, a woman made by Tāne to be his wife. This egg 1891:151) . gave rise to all the birds (Shortland 1882:22). • In the Marquesas there are various accounts. In one [5] Tiki-kapakapa (born after Tiki-tohua) was a girl who later legend Atea and his wife created people. In another took the name Hine-a-tauira. She and Tāne had a daughter named Hine-titamauri who was given to Tiki as his wife tradition Atanua and her father Atea brought forth (Shortland 1882:22) human beings (Tregear 1891:151). [6] Polynesian Lexicon Project Online, entry tiki.1 • In the Cook Islands, traditions also vary. At Rarotonga, Tiki is the guardian of the entrance to Avaiki, the underworld. Offerings were made to him as gifts for the departing soul of someone who 4 References is dying. At Mangaia, Tiki is a woman, the sister of Veetini, the first person to die a natural death. • T. R. Hiroa (Sir Peter Buck), The Coming of the The entrance to Avaiki (the underworld) is called Maori. Second Edition. First published 1949. ‘the chasm of Tiki’ (Tregear 1891:151). (Wellington: Whitcombe and Tombs) 1974. 3 • M. Orbell, The Concise Encyclopedia of Māori Myth and Legend (Canterbury University Press: Christchurch), 1998. • A. W. Reed, Treasury of Maori Folklore (A.H. & A.W. Reed, Wellington), 1963. • E. Shortland, Maori Religion and Mythology (Long- man, Green, London), 1882. • E. R. Tregear, Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dic- tionary (Lyon and Blair, Lambton Quay), 1891. • J. White, The Ancient History of the Maori, 6 volumes (Government Printer, Wellington), 1887- 1891. 4 5 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES 5 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses 5.1 Text • Tiki Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiki?oldid=628483080 Contributors: Infrogmation, Menchi, Mdebets, DavidWBrooks, Charles Matthews, Altenmann, Zigger, Gadfium, Alexf, Hayford Peirce, Discospinster, Rich Farmbrough, MPerel, Grutness, Amorymeltzer, Woohookitty, JarlaxleArtemis, BD2412, Taulapapa, Eubot, FeldBum, Rtkat3, Camerafiend, TakingUpSpace, Xdenizen, TDogg310, PMHauge, SmackBot, Mdd4696, Srnec, TimBentley, JonHarder, Addshore, Kahuroa, MarkSutton, Ryulong, Dlohcierekim, SupaStar- Girl, Saintrain, Thijs!bot, Biruitorul, John254, Rees11, Seaphoto, Sewnmouthsecret, Andonic, Ricks99, Edward321, Emeraude, Com- monsDelinker, Uncle Dick, 72Dino, Squids and Chips, Jeff G., Voodlecat, SteveStrummer, Verbatim9, Weetjesman, Twooars, Jkhoop- ster75, Goustien, ClueBot, MikeVitale, Drmies, SuperHamster, Excirial, Locobongo809, Razorflame, Aitias, DumZiBoT, ZooFari, Ad- dbot, Free to rhyme, Poco a poco, Mwortiz, JGKlein, Tide rolls, Shannon1, Legobot II, Triquetra, Thebeatlestoday, Jim1138, Galoubet, ArthurBot, ChildofMidnight, Kingblue12, TriviaMatters, IcedNut, Griffinofwales, W Nowicki, Phs72, MastiBot, Cleo Bear, SantaBar- baraChris, Maadim, Vrenator, BCtl, WikitanvirBot, ZéroBot, Spiesm20, ClueBot NG, Minerv, Tikikaleli, Pies tiki chicken, Damon999, Albertshilling28, Forg-dog, Tikitehatu, Mogism, Ginsuloft, Tymon.r and Anonymous: 104 5.2 Images • File:Commons-logo.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: ? 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