Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ The Industrial Revolution History and Geography The First Modern Railroad In the 1820s, Manchester was a center for manufacturing cotton cloth in England. Liverpool, to the east, served as a major port for importing raw cotton from the United States. Imported cotton was transported to Manchester for manufacturing. Then the finished goods were returned to Liverpool for exporting. Various roads and waterways, including canals and the Mersey River, linked Liverpool and Manchester. These routes, however, were slow, costly, and subject to weather conditions. As the cotton industry grew, merchants and manufacturers needed a more efficient way to transport people and goods between the two cities. On September 15, 1830, the Liverpool and Manchester Railway opened as the first modern railroad, with fully equipped passenger stations at both ends. Significant challenges in the railway’s construction included draining a four-mile bog (wet, spongy ground) and building a viaduct (long, elevated roadway supported by arches). The railway drastically reduced the time it took to travel between Liverpool and Manchester. Railway construction soon spread throughout England, Europe, and the United States. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Full Survey Chapter 21 14 The Industrial Revolution Modern Era Chapter 7 Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ The Industrial Revolution History and Geography MAP ACTIVITY 1. Based on the passage, label the two dots on the map as Liverpool and Manchester. 2. Based on the passage, label the Mersey River on the map. 3. The Liverpool and Manchester Railway formed a roughly direct route between the two cities. On the map, draw a line representing the railway. ANALYZING MAPS 4. Region In what region of England are Liverpool and Manchester located? ____________________________________________________________________ 5. Location How did Liverpool’s location define its role in the Industrial Revolution? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 6. Movement Based on the map’s scale, how far did the Liverpool and Manchester Railway transport people and goods? ____________________________________________________________________ 7. Compare and Contrast When the railway opened, travel between Liverpool and Manchester took about two hours by train. The journey by canal and coach took about forty hours. How many hours of travel time did the railway save? How many times faster was travel by train than travel by canal and coach? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ EXTENSION ACTIVITY As the Liverpool and Manchester Railway neared completion in 1829, a contest was held to determine the best locomotive engine to use on the line. Thousands of people watched the competition, which was called the Rainhill Trials. Search the Internet for answers to the following questions: What was the name of the winning locomotive? Who was the main builder of the locomotive? What was the locomotive’s maximum speed during the trials? Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Full Survey Chapter 21 15 The Industrial Revolution Modern Era Chapter 7 .