Journal of Ecology and The Natural Environment Volume 9 Number 6, June 2017 ISSN 2006-9847 ABOUT JENE The Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment (JENE) (ISSN 2006-9847) is published Monthly (one volume per year) by Academic Journals. Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment (JENE) provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as biogeochemical cycles, conservation, paleoecology, plant ecology etc. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published shortly after acceptance. All articles published in JENE are peer-reviewed. Contact Us Editorial Office: [email protected] Help Desk: [email protected] Website: http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/JENE Submit manuscript online http://ms.academicjournals.me/ Editors Associate Editors Dr. Abd El-Latif Hesham Dr. Marko Sabovljevic Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut Dept. Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University, University of Belgrade Assiut 71516, Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Egypt Serbia Dr. Ahmed Bybordi Dr. Sime-Ngando Télesphore East Azarbaijan Research Centre for Agriculture and CNRS Natural Resources, Tabriz, Iran LMGE, UMR 6023, Université Blaise Pascal, 63177, Aubière Cedex Dr. Sunil Kumar France Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University Dr. Bernd Schierwater 1499 Campus Delivery, A204 NESB, Fort Collins, ITZ, Ecology and Evolution, TiHo Hannover Colorado-80526, Büenteweg 17d, 30559 Hannover, USA Germany Prof. Gianfranco Rizzo Dr. Bhattacharyya Pranab University of Palermo North-East Institute of Science & Technology Dipartimeno DREAM – Viale delle Scienze - Building Medicinal, Aromatic & Economic Plant Division, 9. 90128 North-East Institute of Science & Technology, Palermo, Jorhat-785006, Assam, Italy India Dr. Bahman Jabbarian Amiri Prof. Marian Petre Kiel University, Germany, University of Pitesti, Faculty of Sciences Ökologie-Zentrum der CAU 1 Targul din Vale Street, Pitesti, 110040, Arges Abt. Hydrologie und Wasserwirtschaft County, Olhausen Straße, 75 Romania. Kiel, Germany Prof. R.C. Sihag CCS Haryana Agricultural University Dr. Bikramjit Sinha Department of Zoology & Aquaculture, Hisar-125004, National Institute of Science Technology and India Development Studies, Pusa Gate, Dr. KS Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, Prof. Kasim Tatic India School of Economics and Business, University of Sarajevo Prof. Gianfranco Rizzo Trg oslobodjenja 1, 71000 SARAJEVO, University of Palermo Bosnia and Herzegovina Dipartimeno DREAM – Viale delle Scienze - Building 9. 90128 Dr. Zuo-Fu Xiang Palermo, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Italy 498 Shaoshan Nanlu, Changsha, Hunan, China. Editorial Board Dr. Zuo-Fu Xiang Parviz Tarikhi Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Mahdasht Satellite Receiving Station 498 Shaoshan Nanlu, (Postal): No. 80, 14th Street, Saadat Abad Changsha, Hunan, China. Avenue, Tehran 1997994313, Iran Dr.Pankaj Sah Higher College of Technology, Muscat, Bharath Prithiviraj Department of Applied Sciences, Post Doctoral Research Associate (Applied Biology) Higher College of Technology, Knight Lab, Dept. of Chemistry & Al-Khuwair, PO Box 74, Biochemistry University of Colorado at PC 133, Muscat Boulder (Sultanate of Oman) USA Dr. Arti Prasad Dr. Melissa Nursey-Bray Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Australian Maritime College, Tasmania, Udaipur,Rajasthan,india. Australia 123,Vidya Nagar,Hiran Magri, Sector-4,Udaipur,Rajasthan, Parvez Rana India Department of Forestry and Environmental Science Shahjalal University of Science and Technology Bangladesh Mirza Hasanuzzaman Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh Dr. Giri Kattel Murray Darling Freshwater Research Centre, La Trobe University 471 Benetook Avenue, Mildura, Victoria 3500, Australia Dr. M. Rufus Kitto Faculty of Marine Science-Obhur station, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia Dr. Özge Zencir Kemah Vocational Training School, Erzincan University, Kemah, Erzincan, Turkey. Dr. Sahadev Sharma Laboratory of Ecology and Systematics, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus,Senbaru 59, Nishihara, Okinawa-903-0213 Japan Dr. Hasan Kalyoncu University of Süleyman Demirel, Faculty of Art and Science, Departmant of Biology, 32100 Isparta/Turkey Hammad Khan Department of Zoology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalaad,Pakistan Mirza Hasanuzzaman Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh Abdurrahman Dundar Siirt University, Science and Arts Faculty, Department of Biology, 56000, Siirt, Turkey Meire Cristina Nogueira de Andrade College of Agronomic Sciences, São Paulo State University, Brazil. Imran Ahmad Dar Dept. of Industries and Earth Sciences, The Tamil University, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences & Technology Cell, (A Unit of Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India). S. Jayakumar Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry - 605 014, India Umer Farooq University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences Lahore, Pakistan Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment Table of Contents: Volume 9 Number 6, June 2017 ARTICLES Deforestation, biodiversity and biomass losses in Kribi deep sea port area (Cameroon): Some mitigating measures 87 Ngueguim Jules Romain, Betti Jean Lagarde, Dicka Kwambe Emmanuel Momo Solefack Marie Caroline and Temgoua Lucie Félicité Managing mangroves for coastal ecosystems change: A decade and beyond of conservation experiences and lessons for and from west-central Africa 99 Zebedee N. Feka and Isaac Morrison Vol. 9(6), pp. 87-98, June 2017 DOI: 10.5897/JENE2016.0617 Article Number: BA2240364687 ISSN 2006-9847 Journal of Ecology and The Natural Environment Copyright © 2017 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/JENE Full Length Research Paper Deforestation, biodiversity and biomass losses in Kribi deep sea port area (Cameroon): Some mitigating measures Ngueguim Jules Romain1*, Betti Jean Lagarde2, Dicka Kwambe Emmanuel3 Momo Solefack Marie Caroline4 and Temgoua Lucie Félicité5 1Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), P.o.Box 77 Limbe, Cameroon. 2Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, BP 24 157 Cameroon. 3Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD). P.o.Box 121 Kribi, Cameroon. 4 Laboratory of Applied Botany, Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box: 67 Dschang, Cameroon. 5 Department of Forestry, FASA, University of Dschang, P.O. Box: 222, Dschang, Cameroon. Received 7 December, 2016; Accepted 31 March, 2017 This study is part of the environmental impact assessment realised in the deep sea port area of Kribi. Floristic inventory and diversity assessments were necessary to understand the species composition and diversity status of forests, trees biomass and investigate the potential impact of the project. Floristic analysis shows a high Shannon diversity index (5.3), indicating a rich and diverse flora composed of 83 species, 73 genera and 29 families among which one endanger species (Diospyros crassiflora), two lower risk/near threatened species (Dialium bipendense, Irvingia gabonensis) and vulnerable species mostly wood with high marketing value (Afzelia bipindensis, Entandrophragma angolensis, Entandrophragma utile, Khaya ivorensis, Lovoa trichilioïdes, Pterygota macrocarpa). The mean basal area (28 to 50 m²/ha) reflects the presence of patches of disturbed and non disturbed forest with high frequency of small size trees and few canopy trees with large buttresses. Tree biomass is estimated at 2840 Mg (379 Mg/ha) and carbon stock 189.31 MgC/ha. Ecological impact can be mitigating by a management plan which includes a sustainable choice of urbanization and an emphasis on the protection of biodiversity in the remaining forest especially Campo Ma’an national park known as hot spot of biodiversity and where all the censored species can be found. Key words: Cameroon-Kribi, deep sea port, deforestation, biomass, mitigating measures. INTRODUCTION Biodiversity losses and species extinctions over the next 2002; Dirzo and Raven, 2003). The biodiversity is century are expected to be high, driven largely by climate actually considered as a major driving force behind change and land use changes that convert natural efforts to reform land management and development vegetation to agricultural and urban uses (Brooks et al., practices worldwide and to establish a more harmonious *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: 00 237 6 77 75 90 62. Author(s) agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License 88 J. Ecol. Nat. Environ. relationship between people and nature (Noss and Geographic localisation of Kribi deep sea port Cooperrider, 1994). The construction of development infrastructures are among human activities that pose the The Kribi deep sea port is based in south region of Cameroon, Ocean division and is extend on about 30 km along the coast line highest threat to the conservation of biodiversity. Such from Kribi 1 subdivision to Lolabé 3. The eastern border is the river projects represent artificial elements that cut through the Lobé which flows in the Ocean close to Kribi.