MONITORING AND EVALUATION SUPPORT ACTIVITY (MEASURE-BiH) COUNTRY BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS: BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA FAA 119 Analysis Actions Necessary for Biodiversity Protection July 2016 CBA BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA I MONITORING AND EVALUATION SUPPORT ACTIVITY (MEASURE-BiH) COUNTRY BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS: BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Actions Necessary for Biodiversity Protection July 2016 Prepared under the USAID’s Bosnia and Herzegovina Monitoring and Evaluation Support Activity (MEASURE-BiH), Contract Number AID-168-C-14-00003 Submitted to: USAID/Bosnia and Herzegovina, July 2016 Contractor: IMPAQ International, LLC Disclaimer This document is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of IMPAQ International and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. CBA BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA II TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents .................................................................................................................... iii List of Tables ............................................................................................................................. v List of Figures ........................................................................................................................... vi List of Abbreviations .............................................................................................................. vii 1. Executive Summary .......................................................................................................... 1 2. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Purpose and Objectives ...............................................................................................................................4 2.2 Methodology ..................................................................................................................................................4 3. Country Background Information ................................................................................... 6 4. Status of Biodiversity ........................................................................................................ 7 4.1 General Overview ........................................................................................................................................7 4.2 Status of Biodiversity Information .............................................................................................................7 4.3 Unique Aspects of Biodiversity ..................................................................................................................9 4.4 Landscape and Ecosystem Diversity .........................................................................................................9 4.5 Diversity of Species ................................................................................................................................... 14 4.6 Threatened Species ................................................................................................................................... 16 4.7 Genetic Diversity ....................................................................................................................................... 17 5. Society's Responses ......................................................................................................... 19 5.1 International Treaties ................................................................................................................................ 19 5.2 Legal Framework ........................................................................................................................................ 20 5.2.1 National Legislation ........................................................................................................................... 21 5.2.2 Entity Legislation ................................................................................................................................. 21 5.2.3 Cantonal legislation ............................................................................................................................ 21 5.3 Strategies and Action Plans ...................................................................................................................... 21 5.3.1 National Strategies and Action Plans ............................................................................................. 21 5.3.2 Entity Strategies and Action Plans .................................................................................................. 22 5.4 Institutional Capacities .............................................................................................................................. 28 5.4.1 State Governmental Institutions ..................................................................................................... 28 5.4.2 Entity Governmental Institutions ................................................................................................... 28 5.4.3 Cantonal Governmental Institutions ............................................................................................. 29 5.4.4 Protected Area Management .......................................................................................................... 30 5.4.5 Other relevant institutions .............................................................................................................. 30 5.5 Approach to biodiversity protection..................................................................................................... 31 5.5.1 National Protected Areas ................................................................................................................ 31 CBA BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA III 5.5.2 Natura 2000 areas ............................................................................................................................. 34 5.5.3 RAMSAR and IBA Sites ..................................................................................................................... 35 5.5.4 Potential Protected Areas ................................................................................................................ 35 6. Threats to Biodiversity ................................................................................................... 39 6.1 DIRECT THREATS .................................................................................................................................... 39 6.1.1 Conversion of habitats ...................................................................................................................... 39 6.1.2 Over-exploitation of resources ...................................................................................................... 41 6.1.3 Pollution ............................................................................................................................................... 41 6.1.4 Climate change.................................................................................................................................... 42 6.1.5 Invasive species ................................................................................................................................... 43 6.1.6 Anthropogenic actions and economic development activities ................................................ 44 6.2 Underlying causes ...................................................................................................................................... 46 7. Biodiversity Value Identification .................................................................................... 48 8. Biodiversity Conservation Needs ................................................................................... 52 9. Relevant Current and Planned Activities (Donors and International NGOs) ........... 54 10. Actions Needed to Conserve Biodiversity .................................................................... 58 11. ANNEXEs ........................................................................................................................ 63 11.1. INTERVIEW LOG .................................................................................................................................. 64 11.2. RELEVANT LEGISLATION .................................................................................................................. 65 11.3. LIST OF STRATEGIES AND ACTION PLANS .............................................................................. 67 11.4. ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS, LABORATORIES AND NGOS .................................................. 69 CBA BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA IV LIST OF TABLES Table 1: General Information about Bosnia and Herzegovina ...................................................................................... 6 Table 2: Overview of Indicators on Biodiversity Presented in Relevant Documents in BiH ..................................... 8 Table 3: Overview of ecosystems present in major landscapes in BiH .................................................................. 10 Table 4: Number of Species of Vertebrates in BiH ................................................................................................ 15 Table 5: Overview of Endangered Flora Taxons in FBiH ...........................................................................................