IMA FUNGUS · VOLUME 5 · NO 1: 39–49 ?+%11@&A$%+0%1%+%1 The genus Lactarius s. str. (Basidiomycota, Russulales) in Togo ARTICLE (West Africa): phylogeny and a new species described 45 C+$'DE+(F$G' 4D0'<1#'2 +4 *< . FK 5 *L+1+15 ;=9?N 24*!O*?C59C"9KCCRF)8&%)G&CE G.'KL*L+$GL* 0(*E*4U*6;4**9+&)%C* 1EK4*#ECD55G1*9@%%%E* Abstract: Lactarius s. str.0%' Key words: the delimitation of the genus from \#" distribution Lactarius ; ecology better circumscribe the genus Lactarius ; R 4('!;FC \ =59Russula sequences E* (U*! K(!;V ; C" ;' ;PiperitesPlinthogali Lactarius s. str.+G/' ; ? Lactarius subbaliophaeus [ "! " \ " .FO0;9 notably L. baliophaeus and L. griseogalus Article info:F?8.$%+0='?$&'$%+0=L?&C$%+0 INTRODUCTION al$%%)567$%%8*et al$%+% ' The diversity of biological organisms in a site can be assessed " [ [ [ ! " #9 vulnerable ecosystems are urgently needed to monitor these [ #"et al.$%%&' *et al $%+%;4(' " [ ( et al $%%) * et al $%+% . Molecular investigations in Russulales have led to the /et al$%%0 Lactarius s. lat Savolainen et al$%%1 Lactarius s. str use of modern methods (molecular tools) such as those "4('4(' related Multifurca and \ * et al. $%%& $%+% Stubbe et al. $%+% < et al. $%++ Lactarius s. str " [[(et =&%> © 2014 International Mycological Association You are free to share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work, under the following conditions: Attribution: [ Non-commercial: No derivative works: For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work, which can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode. Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author’s moral rights. VOLUME 5 · NO. 1 39 Maba et al. < et al. $%++ subgenera PiperitesRussulariaPlinthogali\ "Lactarius ' tenellus'4DG@81*#L. kabansus'<@@9 $%>Lactarius s.str. +8@EV(;L. griseogalus (R. Nicholson ' 0% 179 DC ; ARTICLE #Xet al$%%G<6/$%+% +GEF L. tenellus L. kabansus U D6/+@8& ; \ Russula Amanita Tomentella Cantharellus Xerocomus Boletellus Boletus Microscopy Pulveroboletus and Tylopilus .< LactariusR 6/$%+%Cet al.$%+GFVC VUC " ' C et al $%+G L [ <6*$%%+4D6E$%%8# Lactarius s. lat. et al.$%%84 et al.$%+%*et al$%+$Cet al. material collected in similar ecosystems in the neighbouring $%+G *#Xet al$%%G' ! / ' Lactarius and \ < 6 / $%+% 9 9 'Lactarius s.lat. 4Det al. $%%$4et al.$%%$C$%+%<6/ DNA extraction, sequencing, and PCR $%+%*et al$%+$(VUC [ \ and Lactarius have been #4('4(' '# et '4DG@81 '<@@9+8@ al.$%%84 et al.$%+%*et al.$%+$ Cet al.$%+G;!;F .1))%%2;" 4('!;F+!;F$1&F[ [ !;F+. 2 the Basidiomycota [ !;F0* E 6 * /''+@&@; +@@G/+@!;FLactarius s. str. +% 9VUC9 \ 8 Russula + Termitomyces 9 +=.+;+' ' et al. $%%$ ; .R V('V(' C(L E 'X . Sequence analyses and molecular # VUC9 phylogenetic inference F $%%8 .*('et al +@@8 ; R [ " Lactarius s. str. ! *( ! *[Lactarius s. str. ( F 4 !(F4= * et al. ; L. afroscrobiculatus L. atro-olivinus $%%& V(' ?AAAA L. miniatescens and L. tenellus4D K(!;VDXet al.$%%1'et al.$%+% 6 E $%%8 C $%+% < 6 / $%+% ' ;!;F!;F+ "[ !;F$ 9 [ Lactarius ; s. str; *V8$1$0F$%+G= " 7$%%1O!;FG@9 9 ; "[9 L. subbaliophaeus /9Lactarius the Togo Lactarius $0 \ +$ Russula G 9Termitomyces $"Agaricus $Hymenagaricus+=.+ ;.C MATERIAL AND METHODS 59!(F9C'..; 8+G%D6;$%%&=$8F$%+G Specimen sampling and loan of material ' ;; C et al. $%+G . 40 IMA FUNGUS Lactarius s. str. in Togo ARTICLE Fig. 1. * C" 5 Lactarius ; '*&%>E*K(!;V(U*! V('\ VOLUME 5 · NO. 1 41 Maba et al. Table 15!;F4(' Species Collection numbers Country ENA accession numbers Lactarius afroscrobiculatus '4D01@9 Togo 7E@+8G88 Lactarius kabansus C4+G$ Togo 7E@+8G8) Lactarius kabansus '<@@9+8@ ] 7E@+8G@% ARTICLE Lactarius saponaceus C4G@% Togo 7E@+8G8& Lactarius subbaliophaeus C4+%% Togo 7E@+8G8$ Lactarius tenellus C4+0@ Togo 7E@+8G8G Lactarius tenellus '4DG@8 D 7E@+8G&@ Lactarius C4G@+ Togo 7E@+8G&% Lactarius miniatescens C4+1+ Togo 7E@+8G80 Lactarius miniatescens C4+88 *. 7E@+8G81 \ U$+)& Togo 7E@+8G&0 \ U$G)$ Togo 7E@+8G&1 \ '4D0G+1 Togo 7E@+8G&G \ U$001 Togo 7E@+8G@+ \ U+&$$ Togo 7E@+8G&$ Lactilfuus foetens C4+1% Togo 7E@+8G&+ \ C4G&@ Togo 7E@+8G&) Termitomyces C4G&& Togo 7E@+8G&& Russula congoana C4+$@ Togo 7E@+8G&8 O[00!;F4(' ; L. purpureus L ( E belonging to the subgenus Piperites E*8%%;C" '" 5 C5 CVE' 1$ F C4+%% Lactarius (Tamura et al $%++ ^ $%+G LactariusC E ; # A E;#_E_!E4E #LF C4+%%L. subbaliophaeus `0;F9L9#V" *( [ FL#= 1 [ Lactarius K4*%+G&%0 Lactarius K4*%+)&)0 C5;!O and of L. baliophaeus EK$1&$88 ] ;!O; +%%% @0 > @$ > @% > ' containing L. baliophaeus Nigrescentes RESULTS L. subbaliophaeus is a member of this section according to . + ITS rDNA sequence and phylogenetic analyses 9 [ ;$ F ;00 of the loaned material of Ltenellus and Lkabansus fell into .+9E! @@>Lactarius s. str. !<;[!+%%> LPlinthogali clade and constitutes Lactarius s. str! ;+%%> $0+%; ; Lactarius GLactarius afroscrobiculatus'4D01@@+ PlinthogaliPlinthogali L. tenellus $ L. kabansus $ L. miniatescens + L. saponaceus + Lactarius C4G@++ Lactarius miniatescensC4+88+C4+%%+ TAXONOMY ;!!\ ;!!!Russula Lactarius subbaliophaeusC6sp. nov. !<9" C*C*&%8)1& The sequences of Lactarius .$M0 ! Lactarius Etymology? ; L. torminosus * L. wenquanensis from L. baliophaeus 42 IMA FUNGUS Lactarius s. str. in Togo Table 2.FLactarius baliophaeus and those of L. subbaliophaeus<6/$%+% ARTICLE Features L. baliopheus L. griseogalus L. subbaliophaeus * LG%M8%M@%= LG) L0%M)1= 0'G910*G9 91U4G)4VG 1 140911V091 5 * * * 5_`0_+$G_)A distant (total 28) 5_`0M1A cm U" .9 < . [ 9 [ 5" /9 7 ; 9 8'$ #".FO0 K / * Taste C C * * E K E subglobose ~`+%+M+%8M+%@M++1 ~`+%8M+$+M+G)M+11 ~`+%0M+++M+$8 L L L U L0%M11&@M++3 L1%M)1& LG1M1)&)M@ 8M+%3 3 9 9 9 Marginal cells $+M0%&$MGM13 $%MG1&0M83 $GM8$&GM)3 mostly fusiform " " L 7+%M$1& L$1M0% L$%M)%& GM139 &GM139 GM139 Diagnosis?L 5_ ` 091A XStipeG%M01&&M+G 5 * 0*GContext " [ 9 Latex C 8'$=taste bitter " Chemical reaction? " Lactarius subbaliophaeus R .FO0 Basidiospores " [ = " &M8.5M@&8M7.5M&M&13Q`+%0M1.11M+$8= .FO0= n ` 81 %1M+3 Type: Togo: Central region? L ;X *09$%M))& (L.R9C%&0$R++RR(%0)R$1RRV ++1M+0399 on soil in gallery forest dominated by Uapaca guineensis and 0M8M+%&+M2MG3PleurocystidiaG1M1)&)M@ Afzelia africana +) ^ $%++ Dao Maba MD100 ;OEO 3 – holotype= EV(; M E* X9Pleuropseudocytidia0M5M)3 7E@+8G8$ 5 Marginal cells of lamellae Description: Pileus0%M)1 $GM8$&GM)3 9" 9 "Hymenophoral trama = " Pileipellis 91U4G)4VG $$MG1&GM13 Margin 9Stipitipellis Lamellae " VOLUME 5 · NO. 1 43 Maba et al. ARTICLE Fig. 2. 5 Lactarius subbaliophaeus C4+%% A. L B. L C. C D. 7 E.LF.F*`+%3 44 IMA FUNGUS Lactarius s. str. in Togo ARTICLE AB G3 $3 C G3 Fig. 3.FVCLactarius subbaliophaeusC4+%%A–B.*C.E Clamps DISCUSSION Lactarius subbaliophaeus differs from L. baliophaeus Additional specimen examined: Togo: Central region? L and L. griseogalus in the 9 ' . # 'X %@+G@R&+RR ( %+++0R0$RR V Isoberlinia tomentosa and Uapaca C $)C$%%&Dao Maba MD14;OEO "= ; VOLUME 5 · NO. 1 45 Maba et al. ARTICLE A B C Fig. 4.*Lactarius subbaliophaeusC4+%%A.EB.LC.5" "*`+% " ! 4 !;F 4(' easily " that L. subbaliophaeus deviates from L. baliophaeus by [\ +$>8%%F ".FO0=;$ U +%%>@@>; R;$L. subbaliophaeus differs L. baliophaeus most from L. griseogalus and is closest to L. baliophaeus [ ] Lactarius K4*%+G&@@ULactarius spK4*%+G@)@ 46 IMA FUNGUS Lactarius s. str.