Planning for sustainable territorial development the Caribbean in Latin America and the Caribbean and Latin America in sustainable territorial development sustainable territorial for Planning XVII Meeting of the Regional Council for Planning of the Latin American and Caribbean Institute for Economic and Social Planning (ILPES) Thank you for your interest in this ECLAC publication ECLAC Publications Please register if you would like to receive information on our editorial products and activities. When you register, you may specify your particular areas of interest and you will gain access to our products in other formats. www.cepal.org/en/publications ublicaciones www.cepal.org/apps Alicia Bárcena Executive Secretary Mario Cimoli Deputy Executive Secretary Raúl García-Buchaca Deputy Executive Secretary for Management and Programme Analysis Cielo Morales Chief, Latin American and Caribbean Institute for Economic and Social Planning (ILPES) Ricardo Pérez Chief, Publications and Web Services Division This document was prepared under the direction of Cielo Morales, Chief of the Latin American and Caribbean Institute for Economic and Social Planning (ILPES) of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), and coordinated by Luis Mauricio Cuervo of the Planning, Prospective and Territorial Development Area of ILPES, with support from Maria del Pilar Délano. Chapters I and V were prepared by Luis Mauricio Cuervo; chapter II was prepared by the ECLAC subregional headquarters for the Caribbean, including Omar Bello, Catarina Camarinhas and Luciana Fontes de Meira; chapter III was prepared by Bárbara Silva and Alicia Williner; chapter IV was prepared by Luis Riffo; and chapter VI by Carlos Sandoval. The maps in chapter II were prepared by David Candia. The research team comprised Ítalo Alvarado, María del Pilar Délano, María Fernanda Martínez and Tatiana Pizzi. Thanks are extended to the Economic Development Division of ECLAC for review and comments on a preliminary version of chapter V. The boundaries and names shown on the maps included in this publication do not imply official acceptance or endorsement by the United Nations. United Nations publication LC/CRP.17/3 Distribution: G This publication should be cited as: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Planning for Copyright © United Nations, 2019 sustainable territorial development in Latin America and the Caribbean (LC/CRP.17/3), Santiago, 2019. All rights reserved Applications for authorization to reproduce this work in whole or in part should be sent to the Economic Commission for Printed at United Nations, Santiago Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Publications and Web Services Division, [email protected]. Member S.19-00438 States and their governmental institutions may reproduce this work without prior authorization, but are requested to mention the source and to inform ECLAC of such reproduction. Planning for sustainable territorial development in Latin America and the Caribbean Contents Contents Foreword ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Introduction................................................................................................................................................................................................. 13 Chapter I Territorial development and policy challenges .....................................................................................................................................19 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 21 A. Territorial development..................................................................................................................................................................... 22 B. Equality and sustainability at the heart of the definition of territorial development in Latin America and the Caribbean ............ 25 1. Equality of individuals within the territory ................................................................................................................................25 2. Equality of territories ................................................................................................................................................................. 25 3. Equality as recognition of the right to different and sustainability .......................................................................................... 26 C. Territorial inequalities and their costs.............................................................................................................................................. 26 1. Concentration and its costs ....................................................................................................................................................... 26 2. Disparities and their costs: individual well-being and the exercise of citizenship .................................................................. 29 3. Disparities and their costs: obstacles to territorial development ............................................................................................ 29 D. The Caribbean and its particular territorial development challenges .............................................................................................. 30 1. National unity and territory in the constitutional charters of the Caribbean countries ........................................................... 30 2. The government and administration of the territory ................................................................................................................31 3. Caribbean geography and territorial challenges .......................................................................................................................31 E. Territorial development plans and policies ...................................................................................................................................... 32 F. Conclusions ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 34 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 35 Chapter II Resilience planning in the Caribbean ..................................................................................................................................................... 37 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 39 A. Vulnerability of Caribbean countries ................................................................................................................................................ 40 1. Characteristics of human settlements in the Caribbean .......................................................................................................... 40 2. Disasters in the Caribbean, 1990–2017 ....................................................................................................................................45 3. Sectoral vulnerabilities found by disaster assessments in the Caribbean ...............................................................................48 4. Climate change, coastal settlements and urban vulnerabilities .............................................................................................. 51 B. Case studies in territorial inequality and coastal vulnerability: the Bahamas and Belize ...............................................................53 1. The Bahamas and the challenges of multi-island States ......................................................................................................... 53 2. Extreme risk and adaptation capacity in Belize ........................................................................................................................ 59 C. Planning and resilience .....................................................................................................................................................................61 1. A resilient development concept for the Caribbean ................................................................................................................. 61 2. Disaster risk management ........................................................................................................................................................ 63 3. Incorporating the concept of resilience into development plans ............................................................................................. 72 3 Contents Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) D. Conclusions ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 75 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................................................................