Ashish Sharma et al. 2017, Volume 5 Issue 2 International Journal of Science, ISSN (Online): 2348-4098 Engineering and Technology ISSN (Print): 2395-4752 An Open Access Journal A Geographical Study of Renewable Energy Resources in India Ashish Sharma Abstract India is running one of the largest and most ambitious renewable capacity expansion programs in the world. Renewable energy sources and technologies have potential to provide solutions to the long- standing energy problems being faced by the developing countries. The renewable energy sources like wind energy, solar energy, geothermal energy, ocean energy, biomass energy and fuel cell technology can be used to overcome energy shortage in India. To meet the energy requirement for such a fast growing economy, India will require an assured supply of 3–4 times more energy than the total energy consumed today. Introduction Some initiatives by the Government of India to boost the Indian renewable energy sector are as follows: It is one of the most trending way for energy production nowdays.The renewable energy is one of In December 2017, a new policy was released for the options to meet this requirement. Today, testing, standardisation and certification of products renewable account for about 33% of India's primary used in the renewable energy sector to address energy consumptions. India is increasingly adopting quality issues and develop standards as per responsible renewable energy techniques and taking international practices. positive steps towards carbon emissions, cleaning Around 4.96 million household size biogas plants the air and ensuring a more sustainable future. In were installed in the country under the National India, from the last two and half decades there has Biogas and Manure Management Programme been a vigorous pursuit of activities relating to (NBMMP) by 2016-17 end. research, development, demonstration, production The Maharashtra State Government plans to set and application of a variety of renewable energy up a 500 MW capacity solar park in its Dhule district technologies for use in different sectors with private bids planned in FY18 and has already Research Methedology selected 1,000 acres of land for the first phase of the project. The study analysis of the Renewable energy with The Government of India has announced plans geographical prespective . Research Mathedology is to implement a US$ 238 million National Mission on partly descriptive, exploratory and partly casual. For advanced ultra-supercritical technologies for cleaner this study, Information has been collected with the coal utilisation. help of books, magzines, research articles and The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy reports. (MNRE) has decided to provide custom and excise duty benefits to the solar rooftop sector, which in Aims Of Study turn will lower the cost of setting up as well as generate power, thus boosting growth. 1- Study of the renewable energy with geographical The Indian Railways is taking increased efforts prespective. through sustained energy efficient measures and 2-Study of the technologies in renewable energy in maximum use of clean fuel to cut down emission India. level by 33 per cent by 2030. The Union Cabinet has approved raising of Government initiatives bonds worth Rs 2,360 crore (US$ 366.2 million) by the Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency © 2017 Ashish Sharma et al. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. 10.2348/ijset0317112 112 Ashish Sharma et al. International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2017, Volume 5 Issue 2 ISSN (Online): 2348-4098 , ISSN (Print): 2395-4752 (IREDA), which will be used in various renewable Large hydropower energy projects in FY 2017-18. India is the 7th largest producer of hydroelectric The Union Cabinet has approved construction of power in the world. As of 30 April 2017, India's 10 units of indigenous Pressurized Heavy Water installed utility-scale hydroelectric capacity was Reactors (PHWR), with a nuclear capacity of 700 MW 44,594 MW, or 13.5% of its total utility power each, which is expected to bring substantial generation capacity.[12] economies of scale and maximise cost and time efficiencies, and thereby boost India’s nuclear Small hydropower industry. Additional smaller hydroelectric power units with a Prime Minister of India, Mr Narendra Modi, has total capacity of 4,380 MW (1.3% of its total utility proposed building model cities where power power generation capacity) have been demand is met only by solar energy and further installed.[13][14] Small hydropower comes under the stated that bio-ethanol refinery projects should be ambit of the Ministry of New and Renewable energy accelerated to control India's dependency on fossil (MNRE) whilst large hydro comes under the ambit of fuels. Ministry of Power.[4] Mr Ashvini Kumar, Managing Director, Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI), outlined Wind power Government of India's plan to tender 750 MW of solar capacity, along with offering deals covering The development of wind power in India began in four GW of wind capacity during FY 2017-18. the 1990s, and has significantly increased in the last few years. Although a relative newcomer to the wind Grid connected renewable electricity industry compared with Denmark or the US, domestic policy support for wind power has led India In terms of meeting its ambitious 2022 targets, as of to become the country with the fourth largest 31 March 2017, wind power was more than halfway installed wind power capacity in the world.[15] towards its goal, whilst solar power was below 13% As of 28 February 2017 the installed capacity of wind of its highly ambitious target, although expansion is [5] expected to be dramatic in the near future. Bio power in India was 29151.29 MW, mainly spread energy was at just above 80% mark whilst small across Tamil Nadu (7,269.50 hydro power was already 85% of the way to meet its MW), Maharashtra (4,100.40 MW), Gujarat (3,454.30 target. Overall India was at 33% towards meeting its MW), Rajasthan (2,784.90 MW), Karnataka (2,318.20 2022 renewable installed power capacity target of MW), Andhra Pradesh (746.20 MW) and Madhya Pradesh (423.40 MW)[16] Wind power accounts for 175 GW. The total breakdown of installed grid [17] connected capacity from all sources including large 10% of India's total installed power capacity. India hydro was as follows: has set an ambitious target to generate 60,000 MW of electricity from wind power by 2022.[18] The first figure at the top of the table refers to the fast growing renewable energy sources under the responsibility of the Ministry for New and Renewable Energy and slightly exceeded the installed capacity of large hydro installations. This figure is targeted to reach 175 GW by 2022. Coal power currently represents the largest share of installed capacity at just under 186 GW. Total installed capacity as of 30 April 2016, for grid connected power in India stood at a little under 303 GW.[11] Off-grid renewable energy Solar power India is densely populated and has high solar insolation, an ideal combination for using solar power in India. Announced in November 2009, the Government of India proposed to launch its Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission under the National Action Plan on Climate Change. The program was inaugurated[27] by former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on 11 January 2010[28] with a target of 20GW 10.2348/ijset0317112 113 Ashish Sharma et al. International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2017, Volume 5 Issue 2 ISSN (Online): 2348-4098 , ISSN (Print): 2395-4752 grid capacity by 2022 as well as 2GW off-grid Every year, about 55 million tonnes of municipal solid installations, this target was later increased to 100 waste (MSW) and 38 billion litres of sewage are GW by the same date under the Narendra Modi generated in the urban areas of India. In addition, government in the 2015 Union budget of large quantities of solid and liquid wastes are India.[29] Achieving this National Solar Mission target generated by industries. Waste generation in India is would establish India in its ambition to be a global expected to increase rapidly in the future. As more leader in solar power generation.[30] The Mission aims people migrate to urban areas and as incomes to achieve grid parity (electricity delivered at the increase, consumption levels are likely to rise, as are same cost and quality as that delivered on the grid) rates of waste generation. It is estimated that the by 2022.[28] The National Solar Mission is also amount of waste generated in India will increase at a promoted and known by its more colloquial name of per capita rate of approximately 1-1.33% annually. "Solar India".The earlier objectives of the mission This has significant impacts on the amount of land were to install 1,000 MW of power by 2013 and cover that is and will be needed for disposal, economic 20×106 m2 (220×106 sq ft) with collectors by the end costs of collecting and transporting waste, and the of the final phase of the mission in 2022.[31] environmental consequences of increased MSW generation levels.[39] On 30 November 2015 the Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi and the Prime Minister of France India has had a long involvement with anaerobic Francois Hollande launched the International Solar digestion and biogas technologies. Waste water Alliance.The ISA is an alliance of 121 solar rich treatment plants in the country have been countries lying partialy or fully between the Tropic of established which produce renewable energy from Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn, a number of sewage gas.