RIT Micro Air Vehicle Preliminary Design Report February 2005 Brian Gillis Dr. Jeffrey Kozak Team Leader Team Advisor Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Joshua Baker David Hein Aimee Lemieux Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Tzu-Chie Fu J.E.D. Hess Atul Phadnis Computer Engineering Mechanical Engineering Electrical Engineering Aaron Grilly Cuong Le Victoria Schoennagel Mechanical Engineering Computer Engineering Mechanical Engineering Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION AND MOTIVATION......................................................................................... 9 1.1 MAV ........................................................................................................................................... 9 1.2 MAV USES .................................................................................................................................. 9 1.3 MAVS FOR SURVEILLANCE........................................................................................................ 10 1.4 STATUS OF MAV DEVELOPMENT WORLDWIDE ......................................................................... 10 1.5 CURRENT STATUS OF THE RIT MAV TEAM............................................................................... 11 2 TEAM ORGANIZATION AND WORK BREAKDOWN............................................................ 13 3 LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................. 15 3.1 AIRFRAME.................................................................................................................................. 15 3.2 PROPULSION............................................................................................................................... 16 3.3 ELECTRONICS............................................................................................................................. 20 4 NEEDS ASSESSMENT.................................................................................................................... 23 4.1 PERFORMANCE GOALS............................................................................................................... 23 4.2 VEHICLE GOALS......................................................................................................................... 23 4.3 AIRFRAME.................................................................................................................................. 23 4.4 PROPULSION............................................................................................................................... 24 4.5 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS ............................................................................................................... 24 5 CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT AND FEASIBILITY..................................................................... 26 5.1 AIRFRAME.................................................................................................................................. 26 5.1.1 Planform Design................................................................................................................... 26 5.1.2 Vehicle Configuration...........................................................................................................27 5.1.3 Airfoil Geometry................................................................................................................... 29 5.1.4 Engine and Engine Mounting Configuration........................................................................ 30 5.1.5 Materials and Processes Selection ....................................................................................... 31 5.1.6 Flight Controls ..................................................................................................................... 32 5.2 ELECTRONICS............................................................................................................................. 33 5.2.1 Control System...................................................................................................................... 33 5.2.2 Video System......................................................................................................................... 36 5.2.3 GPS System........................................................................................................................... 38 5.2.4 Servos (Actuators) ................................................................................................................ 41 5.2.5 Antenna................................................................................................................................. 42 5.2.6 Batteries................................................................................................................................ 44 5.3 PROPULSION............................................................................................................................... 45 2 5.3.1 Concept Development........................................................................................................... 45 5.3.2 Feasibility Assessment..........................................................................................................48 6 DESIGN OBJECTIVES AND SPECIFICATIONS....................................................................... 55 6.1 PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................................................ 55 6.2 DESIGN OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................. 55 6.3 EVALUATION CRITERIA.............................................................................................................. 56 7 ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................................................ 57 7.1 AIRFRAME.................................................................................................................................. 57 7.1.1 Airfoil Testing Design........................................................................................................... 57 7.1.2 Hot Wiring............................................................................................................................ 58 7.1.3 Fiberglassing........................................................................................................................ 62 7.1.4 Wind Tunnel Testing.............................................................................................................66 7.2 ELECTRONICS............................................................................................................................. 69 7.3 PROPULSION............................................................................................................................... 71 7.3.1 Propulsion Static Testing...................................................................................................... 71 7.3.2 Propulsion Dynamic Testing ................................................................................................ 75 7.3.3 Future Testing Plans ............................................................................................................78 8 REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................. 82 3 List of Figures Figure 1.1: Over the Hill Reconnaissance Mission and Chemical Contaminations Monitoring Figure 5.1: Examples of different planforms, showing trailing vortices Figure 5.2: The BYU Stableyes is an example of a conventional planform with a pusher motor configuration Figure 5.3: The Black Widow is an example of a modified inverse Zimmerman planform with a puller motor configuration Figure 5.4: Separation bubble on airfoils at low speeds. Figure 5.5: MIT Lincoln Laboratory MAV Concept Figure 5.6: R4P-JST Receiver Figure 5.7: R-6N/H (Horizontal) Figure 5.8: R-6N/V (Vertical) Figure 5.9: Speed controller YGE3 Figure 5.10: Speed controller Phoenix-10 Figure 5.11: The 200 mw Brown Bag Kit – Transmitter/Receiver Set (Left), 8dBi Patch Antenna for Base Station (Right) Figure 5.12: Furuno GH-79 Figure 5.13: Sarantel Smart Antenna Figure 5.14: UNAV PICO-GPS-SS Figure 5.15: UNAV OSD-GPS Video Overlay Board Figure 5.16: LS-2.0 Servo Figure 5.17: LS-3.0 Servo Figure 5.18: LS-2.4 Servo Figure 5.19: Antenna Array w/ Radiation Maps Figure 5.20: Batteries – Kokam Figure 5.21: Propeller propulsion (left) and rocket propulsion (right) Figure 5.22: Purchased propeller (left) and mold for propeller fabrication (right) Figure 5.23: Attribute Ranking System Figure 5.24: Feigao 1208430S 12x22mm Brushless Motor Figure 5.25: EP7060 Propeller Figure 5.26: RXC Light Power System (GW/LPS-RXC-A) Figure 5.27: EP7043 Propeller Figure 5.28: Feigao 1208436L 12x30mm Brushless Motor Figure 5.29: EP3020 Propeller Figure 7.1: Blocking out foam Figure 7.2: Attach airfoil template to foam Figure 7.3: Setting up foam and bow for hot wiring Figure 7.4: Counter weight used to create wire movement Figure 7.5: Utilize airfoil templates to cut out rest of airfoil Figure 7.6: Airfoil after hot wiring process Figure 7.7: Layout of supplies Figure 7.8: Sizing fiberglass Figure 7.9: Laying out fiberglass Figure 7.10: Saturating fiberglass with epoxy 4 Figure 7.11: Laminating airfoil with fiberglass Figure 7.12: Weight applied to airfoil during curing process Figure 7.13: