(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2021 The Cognizance of Green Computing Concept and Practices among Secondary School Students: A Preliminary Study 1, Shafinah Kamarudin * Nurul Nadwa Zulkifli3, Rosli Ismail4, Ribka Alan5 Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Faculty of Humanities, Management and Science Universiti Putra Malaysia Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor, Malaysia Nyabau Road, P.O. Box 396, 97008 Bintulu, Sarawak Malaysia Siti Munirah Mohd2 GENIUS Insan College Philip Lepun6 Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai Faculty of Agriculture Sciences and Forestry 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus Nyabau Road, P.O. Box 396, 97008 Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia Muhd Khaizer Omar7 Faculty of Educational Studies Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Abstract—The use of information communication technology utilization has led to a rise in energy consumption, electronic (ICT) is growing and has been a compulsory norm in society. waste, as well as to adverse impacts on human health and the However, the increased use of ICT facilities in all developing environment [1,2]. For example, e-waste generation has been countries has contributed to higher energy use and lead to recorded globally, with a volume of 4.18 million metric tonnes environmental pollution. This study explores the extent of in 2014, and e-waste generation exposure human to toxic awareness among the younger generation about green computing elements [2,3]. concepts and practices. In this study, a total of 94 secondary school students were sampled across Selangor state. The data Therefore, the initiatives to foster green computing and were gathered using a set of questionnaires comprising of 20 energy minimization include low carbon emissions and items pertaining to the harmful effects of using computers and efficient use of resources, have been highlighted [3, 4]. Green communication gadgets on the environment, awareness of the computing is defined as energy-efficient computing practices, concepts and practices of green computing. The findings indicate eco-friendly, responsible use of computers, and other it reveal that secondary school students are still not aware of the resources in sustaining environment [5, 6]. Green computing green computing concept. It is observed that 54.35% of students has four major components known as (1) manufacturing and may not realize that computers and communication devices could production of computer resources, (2) design of computer be disposed of eco-safe. Furthermore, 61.96% of students do not system and system resources, (3) usage of computer resource realize that computer hardware can be recycled, and 75% of management, and (4) disposal of computer resources and e- them do not have experience in disposing of their computers. waste [7, 8]. Surprisingly, they mostly practice green computing when it comes to reducing energy consumption. This study contributes to The practice of green computing able to reduce energy determining the current level of students’ green computing usage, lower carbon dioxide emissions, conserving resources awareness in a sustaining environment. In conclusion, students where less energy is required to produce, use and dispose of need to be educated on utilizing ICT resources and practicing products, saving energy and resources, and reducing the risk green computing mechanisms to boost environmental that might cause health problems and environmental pollution sustainability. [9]. Green computing encourages recyclability and biodegradability, uses network and computing in proper ways Keywords—Awareness; energy consumption; green computing; environment pollution; secondary students includes promote paperless policies and reduce print volumes, adopting conference calls, use blank screensavers option, and I. INTRODUCTION hibernating [6,10]. The utilization of electronic devices, including computers, Then again, green computing requires participation and brings great benefits to human beings. Conversely, this support from individuals, the community, government, and *Corresponding Author 307 | P a g e www.ijacsa.thesai.org (IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2021 private sectors to ensure this effort to sustain a healthy Substitution effect is described as the reorganization environment. The adoption of green computing practices in of the production process, including decarbonization of sustaining the environment is dependent on green computing dematerialization, demobilization, replacement of awareness and behavior [1,11]. Moreover, the knowledge physical products with e-books, e-mail and related to green computing is recommended to be introduced teleconferencing postal mail, smart transport system, from an early age [12]. GPS, smart camera traffic control system, and reduction of outdoor activities. Further, the awareness studies on green computing in most countries are conducted for higher institutions. This is due to Cost effect in which ICT raises the demand for other the massive use of ICT such as digital databases, laptops, goods and services due to a drop in prices and a rise in LCD, and distance learning programs, and students in the the return of CO2 pollution. higher institutions are considered a huge segment of ICT users [4, 13]. However, far too little attention has been paid to the However, comparative studies have shown that using ICT awareness of green computing among younger generations, in developed countries promotes environmental sustainability. especially among school students. It implies that it would be possible to contribute to environmental sustainability and ICT diffusion with greater Besides that, the industrial revolution 4.0 changes the levels of development of the country. [15,18]. landscape of education, where the concept of Education 4.0 was introduced. Education 4.0 requires primary, secondary, B. Green Computing and its Initiative and higher institution students to be digital literate. Therefore, The initiative of green computing [19]: teaching and learning can be conducted in various ways, such as using collaborative software and apps, conducting classes 1) Virtualization: Virtualization is one such form of through Google Classroom, using virtual and augmented technology that provides access from a remote location to realities for education [5]. Due to these matters, the research servers or users. Nowadays, the green initiative has progressed aims at exploring (i) awareness on the impact of using ICT into the idea of virtualization, in which cloud computing plays towards environments, (ii) identifying awareness on green an important role. computing concepts, and (iii) exploring the green computing 2) Power management: The need for power management practices among secondary school students in urban areas. in any computer system is highly insisted because of the Therefore, Section II explained the research background, prolonged battery life, reduction in the cooling requirements, including the ICT and environment, green computing and its noise also. The hibernate option available in the system is one initiative, and the awareness and practices in green computing. such kind of power management technique supported Then, the method used in this study is elaborated in Section III comprehensively and efficiently as it will automatically switch and the results are presented in Section IV. Finally, the off the RAM and CPU of the system, reducing the amount of discussion, concluding remarks and some suggestions for background working of the system. future works are described in Section V. 3) Power supply: Power supplies are also one such factor II. LITERATURE REVIEW that will help achieve the green computing concept by implementing the green systems. The drain of more power is A. ICT and Environment supportive in designing a system in an efficient manner. The Since the 1990s, researchers have made a significant idea of purchasing and using the power suppliers with “80 contribution to the environmental consequences of ICT. The plus” certification is considered the best way to save power in relationship between ICT and the environment is complex the system (State Legislation on E-Waste, 2008). The use of stated in several studies, as ICT leads to positive and negative this sort of useful and efficient power supply can probably environmental impacts [14-16,18]. The study of [17] reduce the wastage of energy consumed and the heat addresses the global consumption of residential electricity by ICT equipment, which increased by almost 7 percent (7%) per generated in the system. year between 1990 and 2008. Even with expected 4) Displays: The displays emit heat directly into the improvements in energy efficiency, electronics consumption is device, thereby consuming more fuel. Therefore, the principle expected to increase by 250% by 2030. Further support is of replacing LCD monitors and LED displays with light- given by [15], which more specifically asserts that ICT emitting diodes are. It's called the best idea. It's because the decreases CO2 emissions from developed and developing fluorescence is due to the lamp used consumes more energy countries over the period 1990 to 2017 for a complete sample and emits elevated heat. Research shows that the LCDs are 66 of 91 countries. percent more energy efficient and are also 80 percent