11--- , I Census of India, 1951 ! 1 I I DISTRICT CENSUS I HANDBOOK ) UTTAR PRADESH 9-MAINPURI DISTRICT I I . II I I I ALLAHABAD: SUPERINTENDENT, PRINTING AND STATIONERY, UTTAR PRADESH, INDlA 1954 ------------------__.~ DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK.. 1951 MAINPURI DISTRICT FOREWORD Several States, including Uttar Pradesh, have been publishing village statistics by districts at each census. In 1941 they were published il.}. U. P. under the title "District Census Statistics" with a separate volume for each. district. In the 1951 census, when the tabulation has been more elaborate than ever in view of the require ... ments of the country, the Idistrict ... wise volume has been expanded into a "District Census Handbook", which now contains the District Census Tables (furnishing data with break ... up for census tracts within the district), the District Index of Non ... agricultural Occupations. agricultural statistics from I90V02 to 195°"'51 a{ld other miscellaneous statistics in addition to the usual village population statistics. The village populati~.n s_tatistics also are given in an elaborate form giving the division of the population among eight livelihood classes a~d other details. 2. It may be added here that a separate set of district ... wise volumes giving only population figures of rural areas by villages and of urban areas by wards and mohallas and entitled "District Population Statistics" has already been published. This separate series was necessitated by the urgent requirements of the U. P. Government for elections to local bodies. The printing of the District Census Handbooks involves colossal work and is bound to take some time. RAJESHW ARI PRASAD, I.A.S., RAMPUR: SuperintendentJ Census Operations, December 3 I, 1954. Uttar Pradesh. CONTE~TS INTRODUCTION- Pages A-The District i-iii B-Analysis of the Statistics iii-x C-Explanatory note on the Statistics x-xii PART I-DISTRICT CENSUS TABLES A-GENERAL POPULATION TABLES- A-I Area, Houses and Population __ 3 A-II Variation in Population during Fifty Years 3 A-III Towns and Villages Classified by Population 4-5 A-IV Towns Classified by Population with Variatio 18 since 1901 6 A-V Towns arranged Territorially with Popillatio.l by Li~elihood Classes­ 7 E , Area and l'opnlatl:o;0"[ Di~rict a'hd Tehsils by Liveliho ,d ClasJes 8-9 II-EcONOMIC TABLES- B-1 Livelihood Classes and Sub-classes 10-13 B-II Secondary Means of Livelihood 14--23 B-III Employers, Employees and Independent Workers in Industries and Services by Divisions and Sub-divisions 24-51 B-IV Unemployment by Livelihood Classes 52-53 Index of Non-agricultural Occupations 54-57 C"-fl'OUSEHOLD AND AG;(~;;:_E) -TABLES- C-I Household (Size and Composition) 58-59 C-II Live\ihood Classes by Age groups 60-65 C-III Age and Civil Condition '" 66--69 C-IV Age and Literacy 70--73 C-V Single Year Age Returns 74-81 D-SOCIAL AND CULTURAL TABLES- D-I Languages (i) Mather Tongue 82 (ii) Bilingualism 83 D-II"" Religion 84-85 D-III Scheduled Castes 84-85 D-IV Migrants 86-89 D-V (i) Displaced persons by year of arrival in India 90-91 (ii) Displaced persons by Livelihood Clas~es 90-91 D-VI Non-Indian Nationals 90-91 D-VII Livelihood Classes by Educational Standards 92-97 PART II-VILLAGE, TOWN, PARGANA AND THANA STATISTICS 1 Primary Census Abstract 100-101 "2 Pargana and Thana-wise Population 152 """-- PART III-MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS I Vital Statistics 154-157 2 Agricultural Statistics-(i) Rainfall 158-159 (ii) Area as c1assifie:l with details of area under cultivation 160-163 (iii) Cropped Area 164-179 (iv) Irrigated Area 180-183 3 Live-Stock, Agricultural Machinery and Implements 184-187 4- List of Primary Schools 188-190 INTRODUCTION A-THE DISTRICT I. The district of Mainpuri lies in the widest part of t11f Ga~ga Yam~na Doah. Along ·the western one-third of its southern boundary runs the Yamuna whIle Etah III the north and "Farrukhabad in the east intervene between this district and the Ganga. Agra adjoins it in the west and partly in the south-west, and along the eastern two-thirds of th~ southern bounda~y lies Etawah. The Kali nadi flows along the north-eastern boundary and besides the Yamuna IS the only other natural boundary line. The district has a total area ofl,680 square miles which is less than the area of the average district in the States. Its population in.) 951 was 9.9 lakhs. .It ha~ 'five tehsils. TehsilJasrana lies in the nort~-~est with tehsil Shikohabad to its south: ~aIllp~fl in the north and Karhal (the smaHest tehsll) III the south occupy the centre of the dIstrIct, whIle Bhongaon, the largest, covers the :vhole of the eastern one-third. There are II parganas and 13 thanas. 2. The district generally presents the appearance of an extensive level plain broken only Topography by the sand ridges ob 'the western border, the ro:tIing sand hills and undulations of the Kali and Isan rivers and the ravines along the Yamuna to the south-west. The natural line of drainage js from north-west to south-east and all its rivers flow in that direction. Between the Yamuna on the south-western border and KaIi nadi on the north-eastern boundary there are four other rivers, namely the Isan, the Arind, the Sengar and the Sirsa which run more or less parallel through the whole district. There are several tributaries of these rivers and a number of storm channels which play an important part in the natural drainage of the tract. The whole country- side is remarkably flat and the gradients are very gradual (with the exception of the Bhur area)._ Thus the slightest interference with the l;latural drainage results in danger of over-flooding and water-logging. Following the varying characteristics of its rivers, the district was divided into four tracts at the last settlement: (1) The North-ett'SU'f7l Bhur Tract, comprising about one-fifth of the district, lies between the Kali nadi and the Isan and its tributary the Kaknadya. The predominant soil is Bhur and the sub-soil is sandy. There is, however, a small block in the centre between Bhongaon and Kuraoli which consi~ts of fair .loam and belongs to the Central Dumat Tract. Irrigation is rather deficient and cropping inferior. (2) The Central Dumat Tract is a level plain which runs through the centre of the district from south-west to south-east. The natural drainage particularly in the southern half is defective, with several depressions, and its cultivation cut up by large stretches of usar over-grown with dhak jungle in tehsil Jasrana, The prevailing soil is good loam alternating with clay in the neigh­ bourhood ofjhils, and infected with reh in the water-logged areas. Irrigation is ample and crop- ping comparatively superior. - (3) The Western Pira Tract lies in the south-west on either side of the Sirsa and comprises a little less than one-sixth of the district. The soil here is of light texture and has a greater pro­ portion of sand than in the Central Dumat Tract, but is better in quality than the light soil of the North-eastern Tract.. The characteristic soil is a fine yellow loam caUed Pira which is quite productive in parts of tehsil Shikohabad. Irrigation is adequate and cropping fair. (4) The Yamuna Ravines Tract is a narrow belt in the extreme south-west along with - Yamuna. The soil is generally gritty and unproductive but improves to fair alluvium in a nar­ row strip on the bank of the river. In the uparhar irrigation is expensive and difficult, but the tarai soils do not require irrigation. 3. Generally speaking the soils of the district are typical of those found elsewhere in the In- Soil. do-Gangetic plain. On the whole the distrtct, lying as it does midway down the Doab, is typical of the Doah and contains an average proportion of the clay and sandy soils. The barren soil known as usar is found at the heads and partly down the courses of the smaller rivers such as the Ahnaiya and Puraha, the Sen gar and Arind, and thj:! numerous minor str.eams, and appears to ..be a clayey deposit too compact to permit of cultivation and in plac_es too impregnated with reh and other de)fterious mineral substances to permit of the growth ofeven grass. Of the four natural soils excluding the usar, matiyar is a stiff, unyielding clay of a dark colour, sinking and cracking in dry weather, but expanding when moistened into a sticky clayey mass. The second natural soil is bhur which is in all respects the opposite of matiyar being loose and sandy, and quite incapable of retaining moisture. Neither bhur npr matiyar possess the char­ acteristic& of really good soils, and the maximum of productiveness is found in the soils which com?ine in. moderate propor!i~ns the qualities of.th~ tY'.o. These are the l~ams, dumat and pilia or pzra, WhlCP form the remammg two natural SOlI dlvlSlons. Dumat comprIses sand and clay in almost equal proportions, while in pira or pilia the sand somewhat predominates. The former is of a brownish colour, adhesive without tenacity, friable without looseness, slippery and greasy when wet, and with a soapy feeling when dry, and cutting like a cheese when ploughed wet .. The pifia is of yellowish colour. A mixture of dumat and sand, found in Kuraoli, is there caUed rmlauna, and the red sand underlying the .watershed between the Isan and the Kali is known as Kahsa.