Multiplexers and Signal Switches Glossary Application Report Literature Number: SLLA471A MARCH 2020 – REVISED JUNE 2021 www.ti.com About This Multiplexers and Signal Switches Glossary Preface About This Multiplexers and Signal Switches Glossary This glossary provides a brief overview and introduction to the terminology, features, and parameters for multiplexers and signal switches. The entire switches and multiplexers portfolio can be found at www.ti.com/ switches. For components used to manage power rails, TI offers a power switch and power multiplexer portfolio which can each be found at www.ti.com/powerswitch. SLLA471A – MARCH 2020 – REVISED JUNE 2021 Multiplexers and Signal Switches Glossary 3 Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2021 Texas Instruments Incorporated About This Multiplexers and Signal Switches Glossary www.ti.com This page intentionally left blank. 4 Multiplexers and Signal Switches Glossary SLLA471A – MARCH 2020 – REVISED JUNE 2021 Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2021 Texas Instruments Incorporated www.ti.com Contents Contents Table of Contents 1. Introduction to Multiplexers and Signal Switches 2. Operation of Multiplexers and Signal Switches • Signal switch • Absolute maximum ratings • Multiplexer (Mux) • Recommended operating conditions • Analog switches and multiplexers • Single power supply • Protocol-specific switches and multiplexers • Dual power supply • Power multiplexer • Switch control signal levels (VIH, VIL) • Power switch • Rail-to-rail • Precision • Input/Output voltage beyond supply • Protection • Bidirectional signal path • Low voltage • Mid voltage • Configuration • Channel 3. Additional Features 4. DC Characteristics • 1.8-V control logic • On-resistance (RON) • Fail-safe logic • On-resistance flatness (RON FLAT) • Injection current control • OFF leakage current (ID(OFF), IS(OFF)) • Integrated pulldown resistor on logic pin • Powered-off I/O pin leakage current (IPOFF) • Latch-up immunity • ON leakage current (ID(ON), IS(ON)) • Overvoltage protection • Control input leakage (ISEL or IEN) • Powered-off protection 5. Dynamic Characteristics 6. Timing Characteristics • Off capacitance source and drain (COFF) • Transition time (tTRAN) • On capacitance source and drain (CON) • Device turn on time from enable pin (tON(EN) and tOFF(EN)) • Charge injection (QC) • Break-before-make time (tOPEN (BBM)) • Off-isolation (OISO) • Make-before-break time (tCLOSED (MBB)) • Channel-to-channel crosstalk (XTALK) • Output-to-output skew (tSK) • Bandwidth (BW) • Propagation delay through the switch (tpd) SLLA471A – MARCH 2020 – REVISED JUNE 2021 Multiplexers and Signal Switches Glossary 5 Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2021 Texas Instruments Incorporated Contents www.ti.com This page intentionally left blank. 6 Multiplexers and Signal Switches Glossary SLLA471A – MARCH 2020 – REVISED JUNE 2021 Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2021 Texas Instruments Incorporated www.ti.com Introduction to Multiplexers and Signal Switches Chapter 1 Introduction to Multiplexers and Signal Switches SD Signal switch — An integrated circuit (IC) used for connecting and disconnecting an electrical circuit. For more information, see the Switches and muxes: What are switches & multiplexers? training video from TI Precision Labs. Figure 1-1. Ideal 1:1 SPST Switch A0 A1 S1 S2 D Multiplexer (Mux) — An integrated circuit that connects a selected signal path to a S3 single line. S4 Figure 1-2. Ideal 4:1 Mux Analog switches and multiplexers — These devices are used for switching and multiplexing analog and digital signals up to 500 mA in applications such as: • Precision data acquisition • GPIO expansion and diagnostics • System communication and bus isolation • System protection and power sequencing • General-purpose signal switching Protocol-specific switches and multiplexers — These devices are defined to support specific protocol applications such as USB, HDMI, LAN, MIPI, audio, memory and so forth. Power multiplexer — These devices are a set of electronic switches used to select and transition between two or more input power paths to a single output. Power switch — These devices manage power distribution for paths typically greater than 500 mA between a voltage source to a load. They can be used to limit inrush current, enable power sequencing, provide protection from overvoltage or overcurrent events, and more. Precision — These devices minimize offset error and signal distortion in a high-accuracy measurement system. Protection — These devices isolate I/O signal paths and protect the system using powered-off, overvoltage and undershoot protection. Low voltage — These devices support I/O signals ≤ ±24 V Mid voltage — These devices support I/O signals > ±24 V Configuration — Defines the number of signals that can be selected. Table 1-1 shows the typical configurations. Channel — Defines the number of configurations (circuits) in a single device. Table 1-1 shows the 1- and 2- channel configurations, but the number of channels may exceed 2. SLLA471A – MARCH 2020 – REVISED JUNE 2021 Multiplexers and Signal Switches Glossary 7 Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2021 Texas Instruments Incorporated Introduction to Multiplexers and Signal Switches www.ti.com Table 1-1. Configurations and Channels 1-Channel 2-Channel S1 D1 SD 1:1 S2 D2 S1A D1 S1 S1B D 2:1 S2 S2A D2 S2B S1A S2B D1 S1 S1C S2 D 3:1 S2A Configuration S3 S2B D2 S2C S1A S1B D1 S1 S1C S2 S1D D 4:1 S3 S2A S2B S4 D2 S2C S2D 8 Multiplexers and Signal Switches Glossary SLLA471A – MARCH 2020 – REVISED JUNE 2021 Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2021 Texas Instruments Incorporated www.ti.com Introduction to Multiplexers and Signal Switches Table 1-1. Configurations and Channels (continued) 1-Channel 2-Channel S1A S1B S1C S1D D1 S1 S1E S2 S1F S3 S1G S4 S1H D Configuration 8:1 S5 S2A S6 S2B S7 S2C S8 S2D D2 S2E S2F S2G S2H SLLA471A – MARCH 2020 – REVISED JUNE 2021 Multiplexers and Signal Switches Glossary 9 Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2021 Texas Instruments Incorporated Introduction to Multiplexers and Signal Switches www.ti.com This page intentionally left blank. 10 Multiplexers and Signal Switches Glossary SLLA471A – MARCH 2020 – REVISED JUNE 2021 Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2021 Texas Instruments Incorporated www.ti.com Operation of Multiplexers and Signal Switches Chapter 2 Operation of Multiplexers and Signal Switches Absolute maximum ratings — These are stress ratings only, which do not imply functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under the Recommended Operating Conditions. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Stresses beyond those listed under the Absolute Maximum Rating may cause permanent damage to the device. Recommended operating conditions — The operating conditions for which the device has been characterized. Single Dual Supply: Supply: VDD (+V) Single power supply — Device with only positive power supply pins with reference to ground. The voltage applied is labeled as VDD, VCC, V+ and so forth. GND Dual power supply — Device with positive and negative supply pins with reference to ground. Voltage applied at the positive pin is labeled as VDD, VCC, V+, and so forth, and at the negative pin is labeled as VSS, VEE, V-, and so forth. VSS (-V) Figure 2-1. Single and Dual Supply VDD Logic Switch control signal levels (VIH, VIL) — Voltage levels required on the —HIGH“ control pins (EN, SEL, IN, and so forth) required for the switch to change the internal signal path. VIH • VIH – The minimum voltage for the input control signal to achieve a logic "1"high value VIL • V – The maximum voltage for the input control signal to remain a logic Logic IL —LOW“ "0"low value GND Figure 2-2. Switch Control Signal Levels VDD VI/O Rail-to-rail — A common term meaning that a device will support VI/O voltage range between the most positive and most negative power supply rails. 0 V (GND) t Figure 2-3. Rail-to-Rail SLLA471A – MARCH 2020 – REVISED JUNE 2021 Multiplexers and Signal Switches Glossary 11 Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2021 Texas Instruments Incorporated Operation of Multiplexers and Signal Switches www.ti.com VI/O(MAX) VDD Input/Output voltage beyond supply – The switch can support voltage range beyond the supply rail to VI/O(MAX)as indicated by the recommended operating conditions. 0 V (GND) t Figure 2-4. I/O Voltage Beyond Supply A0 A1 S1 S2 Bidirectional signal path – The switch conducts equally well from source D (S) to drain (D) or from drain (D) to source (S). Each channel has very similar characteristics in both directions and supports both analog and digital S3 signals. TI analog switches and multiplexers are typically bidirectional. See the Switches and muxes: Are switches & multiplexers bidirectional? training video S4 from TI Precision Labs. Figure 2-5. Bidirectional Signal Path 12 Multiplexers and Signal Switches Glossary SLLA471A – MARCH 2020 – REVISED JUNE 2021 Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2021 Texas Instruments Incorporated www.ti.com Additional Features Chapter 3 Additional Features 1.8-V control logic – Switches with this feature have a built-in voltage translator to prevent voltage mismatch between the supply rail and the control logic. VIH and VIL levels are compatible with the 1.8-V logic levels at any voltage supply. See the Simplifying Design With 1.8 V logic MUXes and Switches Tech Note for more information. VDD = 0 V VCC = 5 V VDD Protection VSEL Fail-safe logic – Ensures the switch stays off and 0 V the voltage on the logic pin (VSEL) does not back- Subsystem SEL power VDD when VSEL is greater than VDD. See the A Switches and muxes: What is fail-safe logic? training Subsystem video from TI Precision Labs. B S High-Z D Figure 3-1. Fail-Safe Logic Injection current control — Allows signals on S1 D disabled (high-Z) signal paths to exceed the supply voltage without affecting the signal of the enabled Control signal path. For example, if current is injected into Circuitry a disabled signal path, raising the voltage at the S2 pin above the supply, the signal on the enabled signal path will not be affected.