The City Critical Essays in Human Geography Edited by Jacques Levy Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland ASHGATE Contents Acknowledgements ix Series Preface xi Introduction xiii PART I THE CITY AS A CONCEPT A City Is.... 1 Italo Calvino (1974), 'Cities and Signs, 1, 2, 5' in Giulio Einaudi, The Invisible Cities {Le citta invisibili, 1972), New York: Harcourt/Harvest-HBJ, pp. 13-14; 19-20; 61-2. 5 2 Rene Maunier (1910), 'The Definition of the City', The American Journal of Sociology, 15, pp. 536-48. 11 3 Louis Wirth (1938), 'Urbanism as a Way of Life', The American Journal ofSociology, 44, pp. 1-24. 25 4 Georg Simmel (1950), 'The Metropolis and Mental Life', in Kurt Wolff (ed.), The Sociology of Georg Simmel, New York: Free Press, pp. 409-24. 49 5 Jacques Levy (2001), 'Measuring Urbanness', in Ham Andersson, Gertrud Jorgensen, Dominique Joye and Wim Ostendorf (eds), Change and Stability in Urban Europe, Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 15-25. 65 The Open City and its Enemies 6 Genesis, 11:1-32, 'The Old Testament', Good News Bible, 2nd Edn. 1994. 79 7 Plato (360BC), Critias (trans. Benjamin Jowett), pp. 1-14. 81 8 Franchise Choay (1993), 'Le regne de Purbain et la mort de la ville', in Jean Dethier and Alain Guiheux (eds), La ville. Art et architecture en Europe 1870-1993, Paris: Centre Georges-Pompidou, pp. 26-35. English translation by Alistair Clarke. 95 9 Jane Holtz Kay (1997), 'The Asphalt Exodus', in Asphalt Nation, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, pp. 221-45; 381-5. 113 Making the Complexity Thinkable 10 Michel Foucault (1986), 'Of Other Spaces', ('Des espaces autres, 1967'), Diacritics, 16, pp. 22-7. 145 11 Michel Lussault (2006), 'Ville', in Sylvie Mesure and Patrick Savidan (dir.), Le dictionnaire des sciences humaines, Paris: PUF, pp. 1218-22. 151 12 Jane Jacobs (1984), 'Back to Reality', in Cities and the Wealth ofNations, New York: Random House, pp. 29^4; 236. 157 13 Edward W. Soja (2003), 'Writing the City Spatially', City, 7, pp. 269-80. 175 14 Jean-Bernard Racine (2003), 'From Urban Form to Urban Relations: In Search for a New Kind of Reflexive and Critical Knowledge in Urban Geography and City The City: Critical Essays in Human Geography Monitoring', in Mirko Pak (ed.), Cities in Transition, IGU Commission Monitoring cities for tomorrow, Ljubljana: Dela 21, Department of Geography, University of Ljubljana, pp. 41-52. 187 PART II URBANNESS, URBANITY Public Space: Beyond Urban Design 15 Isaac Joseph (1998), 'L'espace public comme lieu de Taction', La ville sans qualites, La Tour d'Aigues: L'Aube, pp. 41-51. English translation by Alistair Clarke. 203 16 Ulf Hannerz (1980), 'The Construction of Cities and Urban Lives', in Exploring the City, New York: Columbia University Press, 1980 pp. 242-61; 339-41; 341a 211 17 Lyn H. Lofland (1998), 'Toward a Geography and History of the Public Realm', in The Public Realm, New York: Aldine De Gruyter, pp. 1-22; 22a-b. 235 Gentrification: Not So Simple 18 David Harvey (1973), 'Revolutionary and Counter-Revolutionary Theory in Geography and the Problem of Ghetto Formation', in Social Justice and the City, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 120-52; 152a. 261 19 Neil Smith (1987), 'Of Yuppies and Housing: Gentrification, Social Restructuring and the Urban Dream', Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 5, pp. 151-72. 295 20 Chris Hamnett (1991), 'The Blind Men and the Elephant: The Explanation of Gentrification', Transactions ofthe Institute ofBritish Geographers, 16, pp. 173-89. 317 Mobility: Not Only Technology 21 Vincent Kaufmann, Manfred Max Bergman and Dominique Joye (2004), 'Motility: Mobility as Capital', International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 28, pp. 745-56. 337 22 Mathis Stock (2007), 'European Cities: Towards a "Recreational Turn"?', Hagar Studies in Culture, Polity and Identities, 7, pp. 115-33. 349 Co-Presence: A Future, Unexpected 23 William J. Mitchell (1995), 'Recombinant Architecture', Presence, 4, pp. 223-53. 371 24 William J. Mitchell (2001), 'The Revenge of Place', in Proceedings, Space Syntax, 3rd International Symposium, Atlanta, GA: Georgia Institute of Technology, pp. 1-6. 403 PART III THE CITY AT STAKE The City as Agency: Discourses 25 Le Corbusier (1929), 'The Great City' ('La grande ville', 1925) in The City of Tomorrow and Its Planning, New York: Dover Publications, Inc. (1987), pp.84-103. 413 The City: Critical Essays in Human Geography vu 26 Ildefons Cerda (1999), 'The Concepts of Urb and Urbanization', in Arturo Soria Puig, (ed.), Cerda: The Five Bases of the General Theory of Urbanization, Madrid/Barcelona: Electa/Fundacio Catalana per a la Recerca, pp. 79-94. 433 Urban Flights 27 Melvin M. Webber (1964), 'The Urban Place and the Nonplace Urban Realm', in Melvin M. Webber et al, Explorations into Urban Structure, Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 79-153. 451 28 Rem Koolhaas (1995), 'The Generic City', in Rem Koolhaas, Hans Werlemann, Bruce Mau, S, M, L, XL, New York: The Monacelli Press, pp. 1248-64. 527 29 Joel Garreau (1991), 'The Search for the Future Inside Ourselves: Life on the New Frontier', in Edge City: Life on the New Frontier, New York: Doubleday, pp. 3-15; 508-10. 543 New Avenues for the City 30 Peter Calthorpe (1993), 'Guidelines', in The Next American Metropolis: Ecology, Community, and the American Dream, Princeton, NJ: Princeton Architectural Press, pp. 41-55. 561 31 Andres Duany, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk and Jeff Speck (2000), 'The Charter of the New Urbanism', in Suburban Nation: The Rise ofSprawl and the Decline ofthe American Dream, New York: North Point Press, pp. 256-61. 577 32 International City/County Management Association (2002) 'Introduction', Getting to Smart Growth: 100 Policies for Implementation, Washington, DC: Smart Growth Network, pp. i-ii. 583 PART IV CONCLUSION 33 Henri Lefebvre (2003), 'From the City to Urban Society' ('De la ville a la societe" urbaine', 1970), The Urban Revolution, Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press, pp. 1-22. 589 34 Italo Calvino (1974), 'Conclusion', in The Invisible Cities (Le citta invisibili, 1972), New York: Harcourt/Harvest-HBJ, pp. 164-5. 611 Name Index 613.